Protocol - Birthplace

Description

The respondent completes the self-administered questionnaire by indicating his or her place of birth. If he or she was born in the United States, an additional question captures the state, if known. If he or she was not born in the United States, another open-ended question asks for this location.

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

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Protocol

Where were you born?

[ ] In the United States - Print name of state

____________________________________

[ ] Outside the United States - Print U.S. Territory (e.g., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam) or name of foreign country, etc.

____________________________________

Personnel and Training Required

This question may be self-administered (as in the source protocol) or administered by an interviewer with a paper-and-pencil or computer-assisted interview. The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews.* The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided.

* There are multiple modes to administer this question (e.g., paper-and-pencil and computer-assisted interviews).

Equipment Needs

Either a paper-and-pencil or computer-assisted instrument may be used. If a computer-assisted instrument is used, computer software may be necessary to develop the instrument. The interviewer will require a laptop computer or handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Self-administered or interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Infant, Toddler, Child, Adolescent, Adult, Senior, Pregnancy

Participants

Any age. A proxy may also provide this information.

Selection Rationale

Birthplace can be informative of a respondent’s race/ethnicity and ancestry. Open-ended response was preferred to a coded list of countries.

Language

Chinese, English, Spanish

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)	Birthplace proto	63046-7	LOINC
caDSR Form	PhenX PX010201 - Birthplace	5791046	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #2 (ERP 2) reviewed the measures in the Demographics, Environmental Exposures, and Social Environments domains.

Guidance from ERP 2 includes:

• No significant changes to measure

Back-compatible: no changes to Data Dictionary

Previous version in Toolkit archive (link)

Protocol Name from Source

American Community Survey (ACS), 2008

Source

U.S. Census Bureau. (2008). American Community Survey (ACS), 2008. Washington, DC: Author. Question number: Person 1, #7.

General References

Public Population Project in Genomics (P3G) Data Schema and Harmonization Platform for Epidemiological Research (DataSHaPER).

U.S. Census Bureau. (2007). 2006 American Community Survey Content Test Report P.1. Evaluation report covering place of birth, U.S. citizenship status, and year of arrival. Washington, DC: Author.

Protocol ID

10201

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX010201_Birthplace
	PX010201010000	Where were you born?	Variable Mapping
PX010201_Birthplace_Location
	PX010201020000	Where were you born? In the United States - more Print name of state. Outside the United States - Print U.S. Territory (e.g., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam) or name of foreign country etc. show less	Variable Mapping

Demographics

Measure Name

Birthplace

Release Date

February 6, 2009

Definition

Question asking the respondent in what country he or she was born.

Purpose

Birthplace is requested to determine if the individual was born in the United States, in a U.S. Territory, or in a foreign country. Large national surveys like the U.S. Census and American Community Survey (ACS) use birthplace data to quantify immigration.

Keywords

Demographics, ancestry, immigration, place of birth, country of birth, American Community Survey, ACS, U.S. Census Bureau, immigrant health

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
10201	Birthplace

Publications

Zamarripa, K., et al. (2024) Strengthening the Voices of Hispanic/ Latine Immigrants Managing Chronic Disease: A Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding Perspectives of Health Healthcare. 2024 July; 12(15): 1519. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12151519

Levites Strekalova, Y. A., et al. (2024) Application of the Delphi method to the development of common data elements for social drivers of health: A systematic scoping review. Translational Behavioral Medicine. 2024 June; 14(7): 426-433. doi: 10.1093/tbm/ibae020

Klein, E. G., et al. (2024) A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Quitline Vaping Cessation Intervention: Baseline Characteristics of Young Adult Exclusive E-Cigarette Users Seeking Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024 June; 21(6): 809. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21060809

Burnett-Bowie, S. A. M., et al. (2024) The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on clinical algorithms for fracture risk report. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2024 May; 39(5): 517-530. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae048

Kosyluk, K., et al. (2024) Mental Distress, Label Avoidance, and Use of a Mental Health Chatbot: Results From a US Survey. JMIR Formative Research. 2024 April; 8(17). doi: 10.2196/45959

Hatch, M. A., et al. (2024) PrEP for people who use opioids: A NIDA clinical trials network survey study in Southern US cities where HIV incidence is high. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2024 April; 257(9). doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111133

Bartholomew, T. S., et al. (2024) Project CHARIOT: study protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study of comprehensive tele-harm reduction for engagement of people who inject drugs in HIV prevention services Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2024 March; 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s13722-024-00447-9

Cleverley, K., et al. (2024) The Toronto Adolescent and Youth Cohort Study: Study Design and Early Data Related to Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms, Functioning, and Suicidality. Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. 2024 March; 9(3): 253-264. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.10.011

Trifan, G., et al. (2023) Association of Unfavorable Social Determinants of Health With Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack and Vascular Risk Factors in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Journal of Stroke. 2023 September; 25(3): 361-370. doi: 10.5853/jos.2023.00626

Crusan, A., et al. (2023) Using Community-Based Participatory Research Methods to Inform the Development of Medically Tailored Food Kits for Hispanic/Latine Adults with Hypertension: A Qualitative Study. Nutrients. 2023 August; 15(16): 3600. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15163600

Bart, T. A., et al. (2023) Measurement invariance of commonly used psychosis-screening scales in US Spanish- and English-speaking Hispanic participants. Psychological Assessment. 2023 April; 35(4): 300-310. doi: 10.1037/pas0001207

Chan, N. W., et al. (2022) Social determinants of health data in solid organ transplantation: National data sources and future directions. Am J Transplant. 2022 October; 22(10): 2293-2301. doi: 10.1111/ajt.17096

Pomeroy, A., et al. (2022) Protocol for a Longitudinal Study of the Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults. Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. 2022 April; 7(2): 8. doi: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000197

Brown, L. D., et al. (2022) Addressing Hispanic Obesity Disparities Using a Community Health Worker Model Grounded in Motivational Interviewing. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2022 February; 36(2): 259-268. doi: 10.1177/08901171211049679

Schettini, E., et al. (2021) Internalizing-externalizing comorbidity and regional brain volumes in the ABCD study. Development and Psychopathology. 2021 December; 33(5): 1620-1633.

Barch, D. M., et al. (2021) Demographic and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Updates and age-related trajectories. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2021 December; 52: 101031. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101031

Barch, D. M., et al. (2018) Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Rationale and description. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 August; 32: 55-66. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.010

Kwok, R. K., et al. (2017) The GuLF STUDY: A Prospective Study of Persons Involved in the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response and Clean-Up. Environ Health Perspect. 2017 April; 125(4): 570-578. doi: 10.1289/EHP715

McCarty, C.A., Berg, R., Rottscheit, C.M., Waudby, C.J., Kitchner, T., Brilliant, M., Ritchie, M.D. (2014) Validation of PhenX measures in the personalized medicine research project for use in gene/environment studies. BMC Med Genomics. 2014 January; 7: 3. doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-3

Mapping for PX010201_Birthplace

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
CIDR Whole Exome Sequencing in Joubert Syndrome	phv00161526	Place of subject's birth [Egypt, Turkey, Jordan, Saudi-Arabia, Pakistan, Yemen, Qatar, United Arab Emirates]
CIDR: Genome Wide Association Study in Familial Parkinson Disease (PD)	phv00045244	Subject's country of birth (see phs000004: NINDS Repository Neurologically Normal Control Collection).
Columbia University Study of Caribbean Hispanics and Late Onset Alzheimer's disease	phv00180606	Subject's country of birth [Collected in Exam 0, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Other]
CTLA4 haploinsufficiency and immune dysregulation	phv00217700	Subject's birthplace
Discovery of Non-ETS Gene Fusions using RNA Sequencing	phv00142651	Place of birth
Familial Exome Sequencing in Rare Pediatric Phenotypes	phv00179538	Place of subject's birth
Foregut Microbiome in Development of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma	phv00192240	Country of Birth
Framingham Cohort	phv00000481	COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FusionSeq: Finding Fusions with Paired-End RNA-Seq	phv00156547	Place of birth
Genetic Basis of XMEN Disease	phv00160298	Place of subject's birth
Genetic Epidemiology Network of Salt Sensitivity (GenSalt)	phv00217808	Birthplace - China
Genetic Multiple Sclerosis Associations - GeneMSA	phv00072968	Birthplace - self
Genetic Multiple Sclerosis Associations - GeneMSA	phv00072969	Birthplace Other - self
Genetics of Schizophrenia in an Ashkenazi Jewish Case-Control Cohort	phv00165038	Place of subject's birth
Genome-Wide Association Study of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Finland	phv00158889	Birthplace of participant
Genome-Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia	phv00035025	Subjects report of country of birth
Genome-Wide Association Study of Schizophrenia	phv00020211	Subject's report of country of birth
HeLa S3 (CCL-2.2) HiC Sequencing	phv00196372	Birth place
HMP Core Microbiome Sampling Protocol A (HMP-A)	phv00158795	Subjects birth country
Ischemic Stroke Genetics Study (ISGS)	phv00024270	Subject's country of birth
Italian PBC Study	phv00168043	Place of subject's birth
Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia - nonGAIN Sample (MGS_nonGAIN)	phv00071437	Subject's report of country of birth
NIH Exome Sequencing of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Project	phv00200476	Place of subject's birth
NIH Exome Sequencing of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Project	phv00088178	Birthplace of participant
NIH Exome Sequencing of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Project	phv00158869	Birthplace of participant
NIH Exome Sequencing of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Project	phv00024110	Subject's country of birth
NINDS Parkinsonism Study	phv00023924	Subject's country of birth
NINDS Repository Cerebrovascular Disease/Stroke Study	phv00024082	Subject's country of birth
NINDS Repository Motor Neuron Disease/ALS Study	phv00020523	Subject's country of birth
NINDS Repository Neurologically Normal Control Collection	phv00023933	Subject's country of birth
The Genomic Complexity of Primary Human Prostate Cancer	phv00154532	Place of birth
Type 2 Diabetes Starr County GWAS and Exome Sequencing	phv00066508	Country of birth
University of Miami Study on Genetics of Autism and Related Disorders (AutismDisorders)	phv00171539	Place of subject's birth
Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder	phv00051872	A4 Country of birth, (African American participants). DIGS4
Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder	phv00016949	A4. Country of birth. In which country were you born? (Participants with European ancestry). DIGS4
Whole Genome Association Study of Bipolar Disorder	phv00014674	A 4. Country of Birth, (Participants with European ancestry). DIGS3
Women's Health Initiative	phv00079297	Birth state/country - again
Women's Health Initiative	phv00079236	Birth state/country

Mapping for PX010201_Birthplace_Location

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
Women's Health Initiative	phv00079236	Birth state/country
Women's Health Initiative	phv00079297	Birth state/country - again