Protocol - Current Employment Status

Personnel and Training Required

The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews.* The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided.

* There are multiple modes to administer this question (e.g., paper-and-pencil and computer-assisted interviews).

Equipment Needs

While the source protocol was developed to be administered by a computer-assisted telephone instrument, the PhenX Working Group acknowledges these questions can be administered in a noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. The interviewer will require a laptop computer or handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adolescent, Adult

Participants

An individual aged 16 or older.

Selection Rationale

Although a variety of questions have been used to ascertain employment status, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) version was chosen because the PSID is one of the longest-standing and most comprehensive longitudinal studies of labor force participation available in the United States. An important feature of the PSID version of the employment question is that it ascertains more detailed information related to nonemployed individuals (e.g., retirees, students).

Language

Chinese, English, Other languages available at source

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)	Current employment proto	63062-4	LOINC
caDSR Form	PhenX PX011301 - Current Employment Status	5791203	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #2 (ERP 2) reviewed the measures in the Demographics, Environmental Exposures, and Social Environments domains.

Guidance from ERP 2 includes:

• No significant changes to measure

Back-compatible: no changes to Data Dictionary

Previous version in Toolkit archive (link)

Protocol Name from Source

Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 2007

Source

University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research. (2007). Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Ann Arbor, MI: Author. Question number BC1.

General References

Public Population Project in Genomics (P3G) Data Shaper.

Protocol ID

11301

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX011301_Current_Employment_Status
	PX011301010000	We would like to know about what you do more --are you working now, looking for work, retired, keeping house, a student, or what? show less	Variable Mapping
PX011301_Current_Employment_Status_Specify
	PX011301020000	We would like to know about what you do more --are you working now, looking for work, retired, keeping house, a student, or what? Other (Specify) show less	Variable Mapping

Demographics

Measure Name

Current Employment Status

Release Date

February 6, 2009

Definition

Question asking the respondent for his or her current employment status.

Purpose

The purpose of this question is to ascertain whether the respondent is presently in the labor force. Employed persons differ considerably from those who are not employed in terms of their health, health insurance, and demographic characteristics (e.g., age). Moreover, nonemployed persons are also heterogeneous, representing those who are retired, in school, homemakers, not seeking work, and others. These nonemployed individuals also vary in health, health insurance, and demographic characteristics.

Keywords

Demographics, job, employment, work, unemployed, occupation, Panel Study of Income Dynamics, PSID, SES Measures (income, education, occupation), work characteristics

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
11301	Current Employment Status

Publications

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Klein, E. G., et al. (2024) A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Quitline Vaping Cessation Intervention: Baseline Characteristics of Young Adult Exclusive E-Cigarette Users Seeking Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024 June; 21(6): 809. doi: 10.3390/ijerph21060809

Burnett-Bowie, S. A. M., et al. (2024) The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on clinical algorithms for fracture risk report. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2024 May; 39(5): 517-530. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae048

Kosyluk, K., et al. (2024) Mental Distress, Label Avoidance, and Use of a Mental Health Chatbot: Results From a US Survey. JMIR Formative Research. 2024 April; 8(17). doi: 10.2196/45959

Hatch, M. A., et al. (2024) PrEP for people who use opioids: A NIDA clinical trials network survey study in Southern US cities where HIV incidence is high. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2024 April; 257(9). doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111133

Bartholomew, T. S., et al. (2024) Project CHARIOT: study protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study of comprehensive tele-harm reduction for engagement of people who inject drugs in HIV prevention services Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2024 March; 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s13722-024-00447-9

Cleverley, K., et al. (2024) The Toronto Adolescent and Youth Cohort Study: Study Design and Early Data Related to Psychosis Spectrum Symptoms, Functioning, and Suicidality. Biological Psychiatry-Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging. 2024 March; 9(3): 253-264. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.10.011

Cuca, Y. P., et al. (2024) The Social, Mental, and Physical Health Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People With HIV: Protocol of an Observational International Multisite Study Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2024 January; 35(1): 60-74. doi: 10.1097/JNC.0000000000000444

Sharma, P., et al. (2023) A Christian Faith-Based Facebook Intervention for Smoking Cessation in Rural Communities (FAITH-CORE): Protocol for a Community Participatory Development Study JMIR Research Protocols. 2023 December; 12: e52398. doi: 10.2196/52398

Crusan, A., et al. (2023) Using Community-Based Participatory Research Methods to Inform the Development of Medically Tailored Food Kits for Hispanic/Latine Adults with Hypertension: A Qualitative Study. Nutrients. 2023 August; 15(16): 3600. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15163600

Chan, N. W., et al. (2022) Social determinants of health data in solid organ transplantation: National data sources and future directions. Am J Transplant. 2022 October; 22(10): 2293-2301. doi: 10.1111/ajt.17096

Charron, E., et al. (2022) Pain Severity and Interference and Substance Use Among Community Pharmacy Patients Prescribed Opioids: A Secondary Analysis of the PHARMSCREEN Study. Journal of Pain. 2022 August; 23(8): 1448-1459. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.03.238

Brown, J. L., et al. (2022) Associations between elevated depressive symptoms and substance use, prescription opioid misuse, overdose history, pain, and general health among community pharmacy patients prescribed opioids. Substance Abuse. 2022 May; 43(1): 1110-1115. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2060450

Pomeroy, A., et al. (2022) Protocol for a Longitudinal Study of the Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults. Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine. 2022 April; 7(2): 8. doi: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000197

Schettini, E., et al. (2021) Internalizing-externalizing comorbidity and regional brain volumes in the ABCD study. Development and Psychopathology. 2021 December; 33(5): 1620-1633.

Barch, D. M., et al. (2021) Demographic and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Updates and age-related trajectories. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience. 2021 December; 52: 101031. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101031

Purvis, R. S., et al. (2021) Trusted Sources of COVID-19 Vaccine Information among Hesitant Adopters in the United States. Vaccines. 2021 December; 9(12): 1418. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9121418

Barch, D. M., et al. (2018) Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Rationale and description. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 August; 32: 55-66. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.10.010

Krebs, N. M., et al. (2016) Comparison of Puff Volume With Cigarettes per Day in Predicting Nicotine Uptake Among Daily Smokers. Am J Epidemiol. 2016 July; 184(1): 48-57. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv341

Hitz, M.M., Conway, P.G, Palcher, J.A., McCarty, C.A. (2014) Using PhenX toolkit measures and other tools to assess urban/rural differences in health behaviors: recruitment methods and outcomes. BMC Research Notes. 2014 November; 7(847). doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-847

McCarty, C.A., Berg, R., Rottscheit, C.M., Waudby, C.J., Kitchner, T., Brilliant, M., Ritchie, M.D. (2014) Validation of PhenX measures in the personalized medicine research project for use in gene/environment studies. BMC Med Genomics. 2014 January; 7: 3. doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-3