Protocol - Sleep Disorders Screener - Children
Description
The Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children is a 26-item, self-administered scale completed by the parent that assesses the child’s sleep behaviors in the past 6 months. The scale includes six subscales: disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11); sleep breathing disorders (items 13, 14, 15); disorders of arousal (items 17, 20, 21); sleep-wake transition disorders (items 6, 7, 8, 12, 18, 19); disorders of excessive somnolence (items 22, 23, 24, 25, 26); and sleep hyperhidrosis (score of the items 9, 16). Each item is rated on a 5-point, Likert-type scale (1 = Never; 5 = Always [daily]). Scores from individual items of each subscale are added together to give a subscale score, with higher scores indicating greater symptoms. Scores from the individual subscales can be added together to give a total score.
Specific Instructions
None
Availability
Protocol
Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children
INSTRUCTIONS: This questionnaire will allow your doctor to have a better understanding of the sleep-wake rhythm of your child and of any problems in his/her sleep behaviour. Try to answer every question; in answering, consider each question as pertaining to the past 6 months of the child’s life. Please answer the questions by circling or striking the number 1 to 6. Thank you very much for your help.
| 1. How many hours of sleep does your child get on most nights? | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 9-11 hours | 8-9 hours | 7-8 hours | 5-7 hours | Less than 5 hours | |
| 2. How long after going to bed does your child usually fall asleep? | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| Less than 15’ | 15-30’ | 30-45’ | 45-60’ | More than 60’ |
| (1) Never | (2) Occasionally (once or twice per month) | (3) Sometimes (once or twice per week) | (4) Often (3 or 5 times per week) | (5) Always (daily) | |
| 3. The child goes to bed reluctantly. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 4. The child has difficulty getting to sleep at night. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 5. The child feels anxious or afraid when falling asleep. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 6. The child startles or jerks parts of the body while falling asleep. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 7. The child shows repetitive actions such as rocking or head banging while falling asleep. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 8. The child experiences vivid dream-like scenes while falling asleep. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 9. The child sweats excessively while falling asleep. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 10. The child wakes up more than twice per night. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 11. After waking up in the night, the child has difficulty to fall asleep again. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 12. The child has frequent twitching or jerking of legs while asleep or often changes position during the night or kicks the covers off the bed. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 13. The child has difficulty breathing during the night. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 14. The child gasps for breath or is unable to breathe during sleep. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 15. The child snores. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 16. The child sweats excessively during the night. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 17. You have observed the child sleepwalking. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 18. You have observed the child talking in his/her sleep. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 19. The child grinds teeth during sleep. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 20. The child wakes from sleep screaming or confused so that you cannot seem to get through to him/her, but has no memory of these events the next morning. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 21. The child has nightmares which he/she doesn’t remember the next day. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 22. The child is unusually difficult to wake up in the morning. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 23. The child awakes in the morning feeling tired. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 24. The child feels unable to move when waking up in the morning. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 25. The child experiences daytime somnolence. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 26. The child falls asleep suddenly in inappropriate situations. | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
Scoring:
- Disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (sum the score of the items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11)
- Sleep Breathing Disorders (sum the score of the items 13, 14, 15)
- Disorders of arousal (sum the score of the items 17, 20, 21)
- Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders (sum the score of the items 6, 7, 8, 12, 18, 19)
- Disorders of excessive somnolence (sum the score of the items 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
- Sleep Hyperhidrosis (sum the score of the items 9, 16)
Total score (sum 6 factors’ scores)
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Proxy-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Child, Adolescent
Participants
Parent of a child aged 6 to 15.
Selection Rationale
The Sleep Disturbances Scale for Children is a short, reliable, valid, and widely used self-administered questionnaire that is easy to administer and score.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Sleep disturbance | HP:0002360 | HPO |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX121002 - Sleep Disorders Screener Children | 6888832 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Expert Review Panel 4 (ERP 4) reviewed the measures in the Neurology, Psychiatric, and Psychosocial domains.
Guidance from ERP 4 included the following:
· Added new protocol
· Created new data dictionary
Protocol Name from Source
The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC)
Source
Bruni, O., Salvatore, O., Guidetti, V., Romoli, M., Innocenzi, M., Cortesi, F., & Giannotti, F. (1996). The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC): Construction and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Sleep Research, 5, 251-261.
General References
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
Roeser, K., Eichholz, R., Schwerdtle, B., Schlarb, A. A., & Kübler, A. (2012). Relationship of sleep quality and health-related quality of life in adolescents according to self- and proxy ratings: A questionnaire survey. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 3, 76.
Taylor, R. W., Heath, A. L. M., Galland, B. C., Cameron, S. L., Lawrence, J. A., Gray, A. R., Tannok, G. W., Lawley, B., Healey, D., Sayers, D., Hanna, M., Meredith-Jones, K., Hatch, B., & Taylor, B. J. (2016). Three-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial to reduce excessive weight gain in the first two years of life: Protocol for the POI follow-up study. BMC Public Health, 16, 771.
Protocol ID
121002
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Awakes_Tired | ||||
| PX121002230000 | The child awakes in the morning feeling tired. | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Daytime_Somnolence | ||||
| PX121002250000 | The child experiences daytime somnolence. | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Difficulty_Breathing | ||||
| PX121002130000 | The child has difficulty breathing during more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Difficulty_Falling_Back_To_Sleep | ||||
| PX121002110000 | After waking up in the night, the child has more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Difficulty_Getting_To_Sleep | ||||
| PX121002040000 | The child has difficulty getting to sleep at more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Difficult_Wake_Up | ||||
| PX121002220000 | The child is unusually difficult to wake up more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Falls_Asleep_Suddenly_Inappropriate_Situations | ||||
| PX121002260000 | The child falls asleep suddenly in more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Fall_Asleep | ||||
| PX121002020000 | How long after going to bed does your child more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Feels_Anxious | ||||
| PX121002050000 | The child feels anxious or afraid when more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Gasp_For_Breath | ||||
| PX121002140000 | The child gasps for breath or is unable to more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Grinds_Teeth | ||||
| PX121002190000 | The child grinds teeth during sleep. | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Hours_Sleep | ||||
| PX121002010000 | How many hours of sleep does your child get more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Nightmares_No_Memory | ||||
| PX121002210000 | The child has nightmares which he/she more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Reluctant | ||||
| PX121002030000 | The child goes to bed reluctantly. | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Repetitive_Actions | ||||
| PX121002070000 | The child shows repetitive actions such as more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Screams_Confused_No_Memory | ||||
| PX121002200000 | The child wakes from sleep screaming or more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Sleepwalking | ||||
| PX121002170000 | You have observed the child sleepwalking. | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Snores | ||||
| PX121002150000 | The child snores. | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Startles_Jerks | ||||
| PX121002060000 | The child startles or jerks parts of the more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Sweats_Excessively_During_The_Night | ||||
| PX121002160000 | The child sweats excessively during the night. | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Sweats_Excessively_While_Falling_Asleep | ||||
| PX121002090000 | The child sweats excessively while falling asleep. | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Talking_In_Sleep | ||||
| PX121002180000 | You have observed the child talking in more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Twitching_Jerking_Legs | ||||
| PX121002120000 | The child has frequent twitching or jerking more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Unable_To_Move_Waking | ||||
| PX121002240000 | The child feels unable to move when waking more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Vivid_Dream | ||||
| PX121002080000 | The child experiences vivid dream-like more | N/A | ||
| PX121002_Sleep_Disorders_Screener_Wakes_Up | ||||
| PX121002100000 | The child wakes up more than twice per night. | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Sleep Disorders Screener
Release Date
November 28, 2017
Definition
A questionnaire to assess sleep disorders, a broad group of disorders that can be caused by endogenous disturbances in the sleep-wake or timing cycles (APA, 2000).
Purpose
This measure is used to screen an individual for the presence of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders are comorbid with a wide variety of health conditions. For example, sleep abnormalities are commonly reported in conjunction with most mental disorders and are also often associated either with a general medical condition or medications used to treat a condition. Additionally, some sleep disorders, such as predisposition toward light, demonstrate a familial pattern indicating a genetic and/or environmental cause (APA, 2000).
Keywords
Sleep, sleep disorders, narcolepsy, sleepiness, routine sleep, insomnia, cataplexy, National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health Sleep Patterns and Problems, Psychiatric, gerontology, aging, geriatrics
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 121001 | Sleep Disorders Screener |
| 121002 | Sleep Disorders Screener - Children |
Publications
Durand, G., et al. (2017) Negative attitudes towards psychopaths: The role of one's own psychopathic traits. Personality and Individual Differences. 2017 April; 109: 72-76. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.047