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Protocol - General Distress Screener

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Description

The K6 is a screening scale consisting of six questions to assess nonspecific psychological distress during the last 30 days. These questions ask about the respondent’s feelings and how these feelings have affected their normal activities and also about whether or not the respondent has sought professional help.

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

Protocol

The following questions ask about how you have been feeling during the past 30 days. For each question, please indicate the answer that best describes how often you had this feeling.

1. During the past 30 days, about how often did you feel...

1.a. ...nervous?

1[ ]All of the time

2[ ]Most of the time

3[ ]Some of the time

4[ ]A little of the time

5[ ]None of the time

1.b. ...hopeless?

1[ ]All of the time

2[ ]Most of the time

3[ ]Some of the time

4[ ]A little of the time

5[ ]None of the time

1.c. ...restless or fidgety?

1[ ]All of the time

2[ ]Most of the time

3[ ]Some of the time

4[ ]A little of the time

5[ ]None of the time

1.d. ...so depressed that nothing could cheer you up?

1[ ]All of the time

2[ ]Most of the time

3[ ]Some of the time

4[ ]A little of the time

5[ ]None of the time

1.e. ...that everything was an effort?

1[ ]All of the time

2[ ]Most of the time

3[ ]Some of the time

4[ ]A little of the time

5[ ]None of the time

1.f. ...worthless?

1[ ]All of the time

2[ ]Most of the time

3[ ]Some of the time

4[ ]A little of the time

5[ ]None of the time

2. The last six questions asked about feelings that might have occurred during the past 30 days. Taking them altogether, did these feelings occur More often in the past 30 days than is usual for you, about the same as usual, or less often than usual? (If you never have any of these feelings, circle response option "4.")

1[ ]A lot (More often than usual)

2[ ]Some (More often than usual)

3[ ]A little (More often than usual)

4[ ]About the same as usual

5[ ]A little (Less often than usual)

6[ ]Some (Less often than usual)

7[ ]A lot (Less often than usual)

The next few questions are about how these feelings may have affected you in the past 30 days. You need not answer these questions if you answered "None of the time" to all of the six questions about your feelings.

3. During the past 30 days, how many days out of 30 were you totally unable to work or carry out your normal activities because of these feelings?

_______ (Number of days)

4. Not counting the days you reported in response to 3, how many days in the past 30 were you able to do only half or less of what you would normally have been able to do, because of these feelings?

_______ (Number of days)

5. During the past 30 days, how many times did you see a doctor or other health professional about these feelings?

_______ (Number of times)

6. During the past 30 days, how often have physical health problems been the main cause of these feelings?

1[ ]All of the time

2[ ]Most of the time

3[ ]Some of the time

4[ ]A little of the time

5[ ]None of the time

Scoring

Code question 1.a through 1.f 0-4 and sum to convert the K6 to a 0-24 scale. A cut point of 13 or greater is recommended to assess the prevalence of SMI (serious mental illness). Please see Kessler et al. (2002) for further information on scoring the K6.

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Self- or proxy-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

An individual aged 18 years or older.

Selection Rationale

The K6 was vetted against similar protocols and selected because it is a validated, brief, self-report instrument that is low burden for investigators and respondents. Normative values are available from several large population-based studies of mental and physical disorders.

Language

Chinese, English, Spanish, Other languages available at source

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) General distress screener proto 62746-3 LOINC
caDSR Form PhenX PX121301 - General Distress Screener 6167793 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Expert Review Panel 4 (ERP 4) reviewed the measures in the Neurology, Psychiatric, and Psychosocial domains.

Guidance from ERP 4 included the following:

· No changes

Protocol Name from Source

The K6

Source

Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S.-L. T., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in nonspecific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.

General References

Scoring:

Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J, Normand, S-L. T., Manderscheid, R. W., Walters, E. E., & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2003). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(2), 184-189.

Definition of General Psychiatric Distress:

Leising, D., Grande, T., & Faber, R. (2009). The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20): A measure of general psychological distress. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(4), 707-710.

Protocol ID

121301

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX121301_Depressed
PX121301010400 During the past 30 days, about how often did more
you feel... so depressed that nothing could cheer you up? show less
N/A
PX121301_Everything_An_Effort
PX121301010500 During the past 30 days, about how often did more
you feel... that everything was an effort? show less
N/A
PX121301_Frequency_Feelings_Past_Thirty_Days
PX121301020000 The last six questions asked about feelings more
that might have occurred during the past 30 days. Taking them altogether, did these feelings occur more often in the past 30 days than is usual for you, about the same as usual, or less often than usual? (I show less
N/A
PX121301_Hopeless
PX121301010200 During the past 30 days, about how often did more
you feel... hopeless ? show less
N/A
PX121301_Nervous
PX121301010100 During the past 30 days, about how often did more
you feel... nervous? show less
Variable Mapping
PX121301_Number_Days_Do_Only_Half
PX121301040000 Not counting the days you reported in more
response to 3, how many days in the past 30 were you able to do only half or less of what you would normally have been able to do, because of these feelings? show less
N/A
PX121301_Number_Days_Worked
PX121301030000 During the past 30 days, how many days out more
of 30 were you totally unable to work or carry out your normal activities because of these feelings? show less
Variable Mapping
PX121301_Number_Times_See_Doctor
PX121301050000 During the past 30 days, how many times did more
you see a doctor or other health professional about these feelings? show less
N/A
PX121301_Physical_Health_Cause_Problems
PX121301060000 During the past 30 days, how often have more
physical health problems been the main cause of these feelings? show less
N/A
PX121301_Restless
PX121301010300 During the past 30 days, about how often did more
you feel... restless or fidgety? show less
N/A
PX121301_Worthless
PX121301010600 During the past 30 days, about how often did more
you feel... worthless? show less
N/A
Psychiatric
Measure Name

General Distress Screener

Release Date

May 12, 2010

Definition

A measure to assess symptoms of nonspecific psychological distress.

Purpose

This measure can be used as a covariate or to control for wide range of mental disorders by measuring an individual’s symptoms of nonspecific psychological distress.

Keywords

Psychiatric, psychological distress, National Health Interview Survey, NHIS

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
121301 General Distress Screener
Publications

Pasman, E., et al. (2024) The substance use disorder treatment gap among US college students: Findings from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports. 2024 August; 12(9): 100279. doi: 10.1016/j.dadr.2024.100279

Poteat, T. C., et al. (2024) A Microfinance Intervention With or Without Peer Support to Improve Mental Health Among Transgender and Nonbinary Adults (the Creating Access to Resources and Economic Support Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial JMIR Research Protocols. 2024 August; 13(20): e63656. doi: 10.2196/63656