Protocol - Emotional State - Adult
- Chronic Stress
- Coping Styles - Adolescent
- Coping Styles - Adult
- General Distress Screener
- Perceived Stress
- Social Isolation
Description
The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS X) is a 60-item scale used to measure the respondent’s emotions during the past few weeks.
Specific Instructions
The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS X) scale and scoring are available on the University of Iowa’s Department of Psychology website. The scale is copyrighted by Dr. David Watson and Dr. Lee Anna Clark. Permission to reproduce the instrument is granted for noncommercial applications only; any commercial use would require the express written permission of the copyright holders.
Dr. Watson and Dr. Clark are professors in the Department of Psychology at the University of Notre Dame.
Availability
Protocol
The PANAS-X scale includes 60 items that are grouped into the following four subgroups and subscales: general dimension scales (negative affect, positive affect), basic negative emotion scales (fear, hostility, guilt, sadness), basic positive emotion scales (joviality, self-assurance, attentiveness), and other affective states (shyness, fatigue, serenity, surprise).
The respondent is asked to read several words and phrases which describe feelings and emotions and enter a number that corresponds to the value on a scale. The 5-item scale ranges from "very slightly or not at all," with a value of 1, to "extremely," with a value of 5.
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Ages 18 years and older
Selection Rationale
The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS-X) are well-known and commonly used psychometric measures. Internal consistency is high for both the positive and negative scales (Cronbach’s alpha is between 0.83 and 0.90).
Language
Chinese, English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) | Emotional state - adult proto | 62923-8 | LOINC |
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Abnormal emotion/affect behavior | HP:0100851 | HPO |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX180501 - Emotional State Adult Protocol | 6195480 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Expert Review Panel 4 (ERP 4) reviewed the measures in the Neurology, Psychiatric, and Psychosocial domains.
Guidance from ERP 4 included the following:
· No changes
Protocol Name from Source
The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form (PANAS-X)
Source
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1999). The PANAS-X: Manual for the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa. http://www2.psychology.uiowa.edu/Faculty/Clark/PANAS-X.pdf
General References
Watson, D., & Naragon-Gainey, K. (2010). On the specificity of positive emotional dysfunction in psychopathology: Evidence from the mood and anxiety disorders and schizophrenia/schizotypy. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 839-848.
Protocol ID
180501
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX180501_Active | ||||
| PX180501030000 | active | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Afraid | ||||
| PX180501100000 | afraid | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Alert | ||||
| PX180501380000 | alert | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Alone | ||||
| PX180501340000 | alone | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Amazed | ||||
| PX180501180000 | amazed | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Angry | ||||
| PX180501460000 | angry | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Angry_At_Self | ||||
| PX180501040000 | angry at self | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Ashamed | ||||
| PX180501470000 | ashamed | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Astonished | ||||
| PX180501360000 | proud | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Attentive | ||||
| PX180501090000 | attentive | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_At_Ease | ||||
| PX180501510000 | at ease | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Bashful | ||||
| PX180501130000 | bashful | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Blameworthy | ||||
| PX180501240000 | blameworthy | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Blue | ||||
| PX180501540000 | blue | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Bold | ||||
| PX180501500000 | bold | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Calm | ||||
| PX180501060000 | calm | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Cheerful | ||||
| PX180501010000 | cheerful | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Concentrating | ||||
| PX180501560000 | concentrating | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Confident | ||||
| PX180501480000 | confident | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Daring | ||||
| PX180501210000 | daring | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Delighted | ||||
| PX180501450000 | delighted | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Determined | ||||
| PX180501280000 | determined | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Disgusted | ||||
| PX180501570000 | disgusted | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Disgusted_With_Self | ||||
| PX180501050000 | disgusted with self | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Dissatisfied_With_Self | ||||
| PX180501600000 | Dissatisfied with self | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Distressed | ||||
| PX180501200000 | distressed | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Downhearted | ||||
| PX180501120000 | Downhearted | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Drowsy | ||||
| PX180501590000 | drowsy | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Energetic | ||||
| PX180501520000 | energetic | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Enthusiastic | ||||
| PX180501080000 | Enthusiastic | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Excited | ||||
| PX180501270000 | excited | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Fearless | ||||
| PX180501530000 | fearless | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Frightened | ||||
| PX180501320000 | frightened | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Guilty | ||||
| PX180501070000 | guilty | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Happy | ||||
| PX180501260000 | happy | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Hostile | ||||
| PX180501310000 | hostile | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Inspired | ||||
| PX180501490000 | inspired | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Interested | ||||
| PX180501400000 | interested | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Irritable | ||||
| PX180501410000 | irritable | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Jittery | ||||
| PX180501390000 | jittery | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Joyful | ||||
| PX180501110000 | joyful | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Lively | ||||
| PX180501430000 | lively | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Loathing | ||||
| PX180501440000 | loathing | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Lonely | ||||
| PX180501190000 | lonely | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Nervous | ||||
| PX180501150000 | nervous | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Proud | ||||
| PX180501350000 | proud | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Relaxed | ||||
| PX180501370000 | relaxed | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Sad | ||||
| PX180501020000 | sad | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Scared | ||||
| PX180501550000 | scared | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Scornful | ||||
| PX180501330000 | scornful | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Shaky | ||||
| PX180501220000 | shaky | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Sheepish | ||||
| PX180501160000 | sheepish | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Shy | ||||
| PX180501580000 | shy | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Sleepy | ||||
| PX180501230000 | sleepy | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Sluggish | ||||
| PX180501170000 | sluggish | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Strong | ||||
| PX180501290000 | strong | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Surprised | ||||
| PX180501250000 | surprised | N/A | ||
| PX180501_Timid | ||||
| PX180501300000 | timid | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Tired | ||||
| PX180501140000 | tired | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX180501_Upset | ||||
| PX180501420000 | upset | Variable Mapping | ||
Measure Name
Emotional State
Release Date
December 13, 2010
Definition
This measure assesses positive and negative aspects of a person’s mood.
Purpose
The Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) measures the two broadest dimensions of emotional state (positive and negative affect). PANAS also includes subscales used to measure more specific emotions within these broad groupings. Positive affect and negative affect have been associated with mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.
Keywords
mood, feelings, emotions, anxiety, depression, stress, proprietary
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 180501 | Emotional State - Adult |
| 180502 | Emotional State - Child |
Publications
Hobkirk, A. L., et al. (2018) Income as a moderator of psychological stress and nicotine dependence among adult smokers. Addict Behav. 2018 September; 84: 215-223. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.021