Protocol - Dietary Restraint
- Body Image
- Broad Psychopathology - Adult
- Broad Psychopathology - Child
- Eating Disorder Screener for DSM-5
- Eating Disorder Screener for DSM-IV
- Height - Knee Height
Description
The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18) is an 18-item, self-administered questionnaire with Likert-style questions.
Specific Instructions
The Working Group recommends making the change to Question 1 that is described below, since steak and meat are not nearly as popular now as when the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) was developed.
Angle et al. (2009) "modified item 1, "When I smell a sizzling steak or a juicy piece of meat, I find it very difficult to keep from eating, even if I have just finished a meal," into "When I smell a delicious food, I find it very difficult to keep from eating, even if I have just finished a meal." It was considered that this slight change would improve the ability of the statement to measure-in this population-what it was originally meant to measure: difficulty controlling eating when tempted by external stimuli, even when already full."
Availability
Protocol
1. When I smell a sizzling steak or juicy piece of meat, I find it very difficult to keep from eating, even if I have just finished a meal.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
2. I deliberately take small helpings as a means of controlling my weight.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
3. When I feel anxious, I find myself eating.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
4. Sometimes when I start eating, I just can’t seem to stop.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
5. Being with someone who is eating often makes me hungry enough to eat also.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
6. When I feel blue, I often overeat.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
7. When I see a real delicacy, I often get so hungry that I have to eat right away.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
8. I get so hungry that my stomach often seems like a bottomless pit.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
9. I am always hungry so it is hard for me to stop eating before I finish the food on my plate.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
10. When I feel lonely, I console myself by eating.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
11. I consciously hold back at meals in order not to weight gain.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
12. I do not eat some foods because they make me fat.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
13. I am always hungry enough to eat at any time.
[ ] definitely true (4)
[ ] mostly true (3)
[ ] mostly false (2)
[ ] definitely false (1)
14. How often do you feel hungry?
[ ] Only at meal times (1)
[ ] sometimes between meals (2)
[ ] often between meals (3)
[ ] almost always (4)
15. How frequently do you avoid "stocking up" on tempting foods?
[ ] Almost never (1)
[ ] seldom (2)
[ ] usually (3)
[ ] almost always (4)
16. How likely are you to consciously eat less than you want?
[ ] Unlikely (1)
[ ] slightly likely (2)
[ ] moderately likely (3)
[ ] very likely (4)
17. Do you go on eating binges though you are not hungry?
[ ] Never (1)
[ ] rarely (2)
[ ] sometimes (3)
[ ] at least once a week (4)
18. On a scale of 1 to 8, where 1 means no restraint in eating (eating whatever you want, whenever you want it) and 8 means total restraint (constantly limiting food intake and never "giving in"), what number would you give yourself?
____________
Scoring:
The 1-2 scores were coded 1; 3-4 scores were coded 2; 5-6 scores were coded 3; 7-8 scores were coded 4. The cognitive restraint scale was composed of items 2, 11, 12, 15, 16, and 18. The uncontrolled eating scale was composed of items 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, and 17. The emotional eating scale was composed of items 3, 6, and 10.
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adolescent, Adult
Participants
Adolescents 12 and older and adults
Selection Rationale
In observational studies, dieting is a robust predictor of weight change. Since diets may be focused on changing diet composition rather than caloric restriction, a measure of dietary intake is important. The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) dietary restraint measure is validated, widely used, and free of charge.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Abnormal eating behavior | HP:0100738 | HPO |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX230401 - Dietary Restraint | 6204398 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not applicable.
Protocol Name from Source
Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-18)
Source
The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 - Questions 1-18
General References
Lauzon, B., Romon, M., Deschamps, V., Lafay, L., Borys, JM., Karlsson, J., Ducimetière, P., Charles, M., Fleubaix Laventie Ville Sante Study Group. (2004). The Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 Is Able to Distinguish among Different Eating Patterns in a General Population. The Journal of Nutrition, 134(9), 2372-2380.
Stunkard, A. J., & Messick, S. (1985). The three-factor eating questionnaire to measure dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 29(1), 71-83.
Anglé, S., Engblom, J., Eriksson, T., Kautiainen, S., Saha, M. T., Lindfors, P., Lehtinen, M., & Rimpelä, A. (2009). Three factor eating questionnaire-R18 as a measure of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in a sample of young Finnish females. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(6), 41.
Protocol ID
230401
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_AlwaysHungry_Enough_ToEat | ||||
| PX230401130000 | I am always hungry enough to eat at any time. | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_AlwaysHungry_Hard_StopEating_BeforeFinishFood | ||||
| PX230401090000 | I am always hungry so it is hard for me to more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_BeingWithEater_MakesMeHungry | ||||
| PX230401050000 | Being with someone who is eating often makes more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_Deliberately_SmallHelpings_ControlWeight | ||||
| PX230401020000 | I deliberately take small helpings as a more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_DoNotEat_SomeFoods_MakeMeFat | ||||
| PX230401120000 | I do not eat some foods because they make me fat. | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_EatingBinges_NotHungry | ||||
| PX230401170000 | Do you go on eating binges though you are more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_FeelAnxious_FindMyselfEating | ||||
| PX230401030000 | When I feel anxious, I find myself eating. | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_FeelBlue_Often_Overeat | ||||
| PX230401060000 | When I feel blue, I often overeat. | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_FeelLonely_ConsoleMyself_ByEating | ||||
| PX230401100000 | When I feel lonely, I console myself by eating. | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_HoldBack_AtMeals_WeightGain | ||||
| PX230401110000 | I consciously hold back at meals in order more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_HowFrequently_Avoid_Stocking_TemptingFoods | ||||
| PX230401150000 | How frequently do you avoid "stocking up" on more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_HowLikely_Consicous_EatLess_ThanWant | ||||
| PX230401160000 | How likely are you to consciously eat less more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_HowOften_Hungry | ||||
| PX230401140000 | How often do you feel hungry? | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_Often_SoHungry_Stomach_BottomlessPit | ||||
| PX230401080000 | I get so hungry that my stomach often seems more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_Rating | ||||
| PX230401180000 | On a scale of 1 to 8, where 1 means no more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_SeeDelicacy_SoHungry_MustEat | ||||
| PX230401070000 | When I see a real delicacy, I often get so more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_SmellSteak_Difficulty_NotEating | ||||
| PX230401010000 | When I smell a sizzling steak or juicy piece more | N/A | ||
| PX230401_DietaryRestraint_StartEating_CantStop | ||||
| PX230401040000 | Sometimes when I start eating, I just can't more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Dietary Restraint
Release Date
September 9, 2015
Definition
A self-administered questionnaire used to assess the cognitive and behavioral components of eating.
Purpose
Dietary restraint is used to describe both the ability to successfully limit intake and extreme reductions in intake often followed by overeating episodes
Keywords
Eating disorders, disordered eating, dietary restraint, disinhibition, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, eating behavior, hunger, Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, TFEQ
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 230401 | Dietary Restraint |
Publications
There are no publications listed for this protocol.