Protocol - Prenatal and Postpartum Depression
- Aggression and Hostility
- Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Current
- Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Epidemiology
- Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Lifetime
- Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adolescent - Since Last Visit
- Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Current
- Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Epidemiology
- Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Lifetime
- Classification of Suicidal Ideation and Suicidal Behavior - Adult - Since Last Visit
- Depression Screener - Adults
- Hopelessness - Adolescent
- Hopelessness - Adult
- Impairment - Adolescent
- Impairment - Adult
- Insomnia
- Life Events - Adult
- Life Events - Child
- Reproductive History - Female
- Reproductive History - Male
Description
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale© (EPDS) was developed to screen prenatal and postpartum women for the indication of depression. This 10-question self-report instrument is designed to screen for depression in the previous 7 days.
Specific Instructions
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale© (EPDS) is a screening tool, and a clinical assessment should be performed to confirm diagnosis. The scale will not identify subjects with anxiety neuroses, phobias, or personality disorders.
The Working Group recommends this measure to screen for prenatal and postpartum depression. If the respondent scores 10 or more, it is strongly recommended that the investigator follow up with a complete clinical assessment.
Contained in this instrument may be questions about thoughts of suicide. If using this protocol, please inform your Institutional Review Boards of these questions and institute a plan of action for dealing with suicidal thoughts in your respondent. It may be necessary to create a separate protocol for immediate action and/or referral.
Users may reproduce the scale without further permission, providing they respect copyright by quoting the names of the authors, the title, and the source of the paper in all reproduced copies.
Availability
Protocol
Instructions for Users
1. The mother is asked to underline 1 of 4 possible responses that comes the closest to how she has been feeling the previous 7 days.
2. All 10 items must be completed.
3. Care should be taken to avoid the possibility of the mother discussing her answers with others.
4. The mother should complete the scale herself, unless she has limited English or has difficulty with reading.
As you have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Please CHECK the answer which comes closest to how you have felt IN THE PAST 7 DAYS, not just how you feel today.
Here is an example, already completed.
I have felt happy:
[ ] Yes, all the time
[X] Yes, most of the time
[ ] No, not very often
[ ] No, not at all
This would mean: "I have felt happy most of the time" during the past week. Please complete the other questions in the same way.
In the past 7 days:
1. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things
[ ] As much as I always could
[ ] Not quite so much now
[ ] Definitely not so much now
[ ] Not at all
2. I have looked forward with enjoyment to things
[ ] As much as I ever did
[ ] Rather less than I used to
[ ] Definitely less than I used to
[ ] Hardly at all
3. I have blamed myself unnecessarily when things went wrong
[ ] Yes, most of the time
[ ] Yes, some of the time
[ ] Not very often
[ ] No, never
4. I have been anxious or worried for no good reason
[ ] No, not at all
[ ] Hardly ever
[ ] Yes, sometimes
[ ] Yes, very often
5. I have felt scared or panicky for no very good reason
[ ] Yes, quite a lot
[ ] Yes, sometimes
[ ] No, not much
[ ] No, not at all
6. Things have been getting on top of me
[ ] Yes, most of the time I haven’t been able to cope at all
[ ] Yes, sometimes I haven’t been coping as well as usual
[ ] No, most of the time I have coped quite well
[ ] No, have been coping as well as ever
7. I have been so unhappy that I have had difficulty sleeping
[ ] Yes, most of the time
[ ] Yes, sometimes
[ ] Not very often
[ ] No, not at all
8. I have felt sad or miserable
[ ] Yes, most of the time
[ ] Yes, quite often
[ ] Not very often
[ ] No, not at all
9 I have been so unhappy that I have been crying
[ ] Yes, most of the time
[ ] Yes, quite often
[ ] Only occasionally
[ ] No, never
10. The thought of harming myself has occurred to me
[ ] Yes, quite often
[ ] Sometimes
[ ] Hardly ever
[ ] Never
Administered/Reviewed by __________________ Date ________________
SCORING
QUESTIONS 1, 2 & 4 are scored 0, 1, 2 or 3 with top box scored as 0 and the bottom box scored as 3.
QUESTIONS 3, 5-10 are reverse scored, with the top box scored as a 3 and the bottom box scored as 0.
Maximum score: 30
Possible Depression: 10 or greater
Always look at item 10 (suicidal thoughts)
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
Requirement Category | Required |
---|---|
Major equipment | No |
Specialized training | No |
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adolescent, Adult, Pregnancy
Participants
A woman who is pregnant or has recently given birth
Selection Rationale
This is one of the most widely used, validated self-report instruments to screen for depression during and after pregnancy.
Language
English, Other languages available at source
Standards
Standard | Name | ID | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Human Phenotype Ontology | Depression | HP:0000716 | HPO |
caDSR Form | PhenX PX241401 - Prenatal And Postpartum Depression | 6873261 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Not applicable.
Protocol Name from Source
The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale© (EPDS)
Source
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 782-786.
Wisner, K. L., Parry, B. L., & Piontek, C. M. (2002). Postpartum depression. New England Journal of Medicine, 347(3), 194-199.
General References
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2008). Perinatal depression screening: Tools for obstetrician-gynecologists. Albany, NY: Author. http://mail.ny.acog.org/website/DepressionToolKit.pdf
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: Author.
Committee on Obstetric Practice. (2015). American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee Opinion no. 630. Screening for perinatal depression. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 125, 1268-1271.
Garcia-Esteve, L., Ascaso, C., Ojuel, J., & Navarro, P. (2003). Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in Spanish mothers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 75(1), 71-76.
Protocol ID
241401
Variables
Export VariablesVariable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Anxiety_Worry | ||||
PX241401040000 | I have been anxious or worried for no good reason | N/A | ||
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Blame | ||||
PX241401030000 | I have blamed myself unnecessarily when more | N/A | ||
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Enjoyment | ||||
PX241401020000 | I have looked forward with enjoyment to things | N/A | ||
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Laugh_Funny | ||||
PX241401010000 | I have been able to laugh and see the funny more | N/A | ||
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Overwhelmed | ||||
PX241401060000 | Things have been getting on top of me | N/A | ||
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Sad_Miserable | ||||
PX241401080000 | I have felt sad or miserable | N/A | ||
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Scared_Panicky | ||||
PX241401050000 | I have felt scared or panicky for no very more | N/A | ||
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Self_Harm | ||||
PX241401100000 | The thought of harming myself has occurred to me | N/A | ||
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Unhappy_Affect_Sleep | ||||
PX241401070000 | I have been so unhappy that I have had more | N/A | ||
PX241401_Prenatal_Postpartum_Depression_Unhappy_Crying | ||||
PX241401090000 | I have been so unhappy that I have been crying | N/A |
Measure Name
Prenatal and Postpartum Depression
Release Date
January 31, 2017
Definition
This measure is a questionnaire that can be used to screen for recent symptoms of depression, including perinatal and postnatal depression. There are 10 questions to assess a mother’s postnatal depression in the previous 7 days.
Purpose
Nearly 15% of new moms suffer major depression, and up to 80% experience the "baby blues." A depression screening tool helps health care providers assess women for symptoms of depression before and after their pregnancy.
Keywords
pregnancy, depression, maternal depression, antenatal, postpartum, suicide, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale©, EPDS
Measure Protocols
Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
---|---|
241401 | Prenatal and Postpartum Depression |
Publications
There are no publications listed for this protocol.