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Protocol - Racial/Ethnic Discrimination - Recent and Lifetime

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Description

The GED Scale is an 18-item instrument with three sub questions per item that addresses discrimination prevalence and related stress in the last year and over one’s lifetime. Each question is rated on a 6-point Likert scale.

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

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Protocol

  1. How often have you been treated unfairly by teachers and professors because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 1.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 1.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 1.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  2. How often have you been treated unfairly by employers, bosses and supervisors because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 2.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 2.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 2.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  3. How often have you been treated unfairly by your co-workers, fellow students, and colleagues because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 3.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 3.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 3.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  4. How often have you been treated unfairly by people in service jobs (by store clerks, waiters, bartenders, bank tellers and others) because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 4.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 4.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 4.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  5. How often have you been treated unfairly by strangers because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 5.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 5.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 5.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  6. How often have you been treated unfairly by people in helping jobs (by doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, case workers, dentists, school counselors, therapists, social workers and others) because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 6.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 6.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 6.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  7. How often have you been treated unfairly by neighbors because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 7.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 7.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 7.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  8. How often have you been treated unfairly by institutions (schools, universities, law firms, the police, the courts, the Department of Social Services, the Unemployment Office and others) because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 8.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 8.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 8.c How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  9. How often have you been treated unfairly by people that you thought were your friends because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 9.a How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 9.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 9.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  10. How often have you been accused or suspected of doing something wrong (such as stealing, cheating, not doing your share of the work, or breaking the law) because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 10.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 10.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 10.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  11. How often have people misunderstood your intentions and motives because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 11.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 11.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 11.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  12. How often did you want to tell someone off for being racist towards you but didn’t say anything?

    1. 12.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 12.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 12.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  13. How often have you been really angry about something racist that was done to you?

    1. 13.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 13.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 13.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  14. How often have you been forced to take drastic steps (such as filing a grievance, filing a lawsuit, quitting your job, moving away, and other actions) to deal with some racist thing that was done towards you?

    1. 14.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 14.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 14.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  15. How often have you been called a racist name?

    1. 15.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 15.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 15.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  16. How often have you gotten into an argument or a fight about something racist that was done to you or done to another member or your race/ethnic group?

    1. 16.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 16.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 16.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  17. How often have you been made fun of, picked on, pushed, shoved, hit or threatened with harm because of your race/ethnic group?

    1. 17.a. How often in the past year?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    2. 17.b. How often in your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 Never
      2. [ ] 2 Once in a while
      3. [ ] 3 Sometimes
      4. [ ] 4 A lot
      5. [ ] 5 Most of the time
      6. [ ] 6 Almost all the time

    3. 17.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful
  18. How different would your life be now if you HAD NOT BEEN treated in a racist and unfair way

    1. 18.a. In the Past Year?

      1. [ ] 1 The Same as it is now
      2. [ ] 2 A little different
      3. [ ] 3 Different in a few ways
      4. [ ] 4 Different in a lot of ways
      5. [ ] 5 Different in most ways
      6. [ ] 6 Totally different

    2. 18.b. In your entire life?

      1. [ ] 1 The Same as it is now
      2. [ ] 2 A little different
      3. [ ] 3 Different in a few ways
      4. [ ] 4 Different in a lot of ways
      5. [ ] 5 Different in most ways
      6. [ ] 6 Totally different

    3. 18.c. How stressful was this for you?

      1. [ ] 1 Not at all stressful
      2. [ ] 2
      3. [ ] 3
      4. [ ] 4
      5. [ ] 5
      6. [ ] 6 Extremely stressful

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Self-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

Adults aged 18-86

Selection Rationale

The GED Scale measures the underlying construct of perceived ethnic discrimination equally well for a variety of ethnic groups and appears to have sufficient, initial psychometric integrity for use in research. The GED subscales have high internal-consistency reliability and low standard errors.

Language

English

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
Derived Variables

Recent Discrimination Subscale (range 18–108), Lifetime Discrimination Subscale (range 18–108), and Appraised Discrimination Subscale (range 17–102)

Process and Review

Not Applicable

Protocol Name from Source

The General Ethnic Discrimination (GED) Scale

Source

Landrine, H., Klonoff, E. A., Corral, I., Fernandez, S., & Roesch, S. (2006). Conceptualizing and measuring ethnic discrimination in health research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29(1), 79-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-005-9029-0 

General References

Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., Rickles, K., Ulenhuth, E., and Covi, L. (1994). The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory. Behavioral Science, 19(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830190102

Landrine, H., & Klonoff, E. A. (1996). The schedule of racist events: a measure of racial discrimination and a study of its negative physical and mental health consequences. Journal of Black Psychology, 22(2), 144-168. https://doi.org/10.1177/00957984960222002

Protocol ID

281501

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Accuse_Suspect_Wrong_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501100200 How often have you been accused or suspected more
of doing something wrong (such as stealing, cheating, not doing your share of the work, or breaking the law) because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Accuse_Suspect_Wrong_Often_Past_Year
PX281501100100 How often have you been accused or suspected more
of doing something wrong (such as stealing, cheating, not doing your share of the work, or breaking the law) because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Accuse_Suspect_Wrong_Stressful
PX281501100300 How often have you been accused or suspected more
of doing something wrong (such as stealing, cheating, not doing your share of the work, or breaking the law) because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Angry_Racist_Act_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501130200 How often have you been really angry about more
something racist that was done to you? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Angry_Racist_Act_Often_Past_Year
PX281501130100 How often have you been really angry about more
something racist that was done to you? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Angry_Racist_Act_Stressful
PX281501130300 How often have you been really angry about more
something racist that was done to you? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Argument_Fight_Racist_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501160200 How often have you gotten into an argument more
or a fight about something racist that was done to you or done to another member or your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Argument_Fight_Racist_Often_Past_Year
PX281501160100 How often have you gotten into an argument more
or a fight about something racist that was done to you or done to another member or your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Argument_Fight_Racist_Stressful
PX281501160300 How often have you gotten into an argument more
or a fight about something racist that was done to you or done to another member or your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Called_Racist_Name_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501150200 How often have you been called a racist more
name? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Called_Racist_Name_Often_Past_Year
PX281501150100 How often have you been called a racist more
name? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Called_Racist_Name_Stressful
PX281501150300 How often have you been called a racist more
name? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Different_Life_Not_Treated_Unfair_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501180200 How different would your life be now if you more
HAD NOT BEEN treated in a racist and unfair way? In your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Different_Life_Not_Treated_Unfair_Often_Past_Year
PX281501180100 How different would your life be now if you more
HAD NOT BEEN treated in a racist and unfair way? In the Past Year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Different_Life_Not_Treated_Unfair_Stressful
PX281501180300 How different would your life be now if you more
HAD NOT BEEN treated in a racist and unfair way? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Drastic_Step_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501140200 How often have you been forced to take more
drastic steps (such as filing a grievance, filing a lawsuit, quitting your job, moving away, and other actions) to deal with some racist thing that was done towards you? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Drastic_Step_Often_Past_Year
PX281501140100 How often have you been forced to take more
drastic steps (such as filing a grievance, filing a lawsuit, quitting your job, moving away, and other actions) to deal with some racist thing that was done towards you? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Drastic_Step_Stressful
PX281501140300 How often have you been forced to take more
drastic steps (such as filing a grievance, filing a lawsuit, quitting your job, moving away, and other actions) to deal with some racist thing that was done towards you? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Misunderstood_Intention_Motive_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501110200 How often have people misunderstood your more
intentions and motives because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Misunderstood_Intention_Motive_Often_Past_Year
PX281501110100 How often have people misunderstood your more
intentions and motives because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Misunderstood_Intention_Motive_Stressful
PX281501110300 How often have people misunderstood your more
intentions and motives because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Picked_On_Threat_Harm_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501170200 How often have you been made fun of, picked more
on, pushed, shoved, hit or threatened with harm because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Picked_On_Threat_Harm_Often_Past_Year
PX281501170100 How often have you been made fun of, picked more
on, pushed, shoved, hit or threatened with harm because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Picked_On_Threat_Harm_Stressful
PX281501170300 How often have you been made fun of, picked more
on, pushed, shoved, hit or threatened with harm because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Coworker_Student_Colleague_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501030200 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
your co-workers, fellow students, and colleagues because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Coworker_Student_Colleague_Often_Past_Year
PX281501030100 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
your co-workers, fellow students, and colleagues because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Coworker_Student_Colleague_Stressful
PX281501030300 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
your co-workers, fellow students, and colleagues because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Employee_Boss_Supervisor_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501020200 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
employers, bosses and supervisors because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Employee_Boss_Supervisor_Often_Past_Year
PX281501020100 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
employers, bosses and supervisors because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Employee_Boss_Supervisor_Stressful
PX281501020300 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
employers, bosses and supervisors because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Helping_Job_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501060200 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
people in helping jobs (by doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, case workers, dentists, school counselors, therapists, social workers and others) because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Helping_Job_Often_Past_Year
PX281501060100 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
people in helping jobs (by doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, case workers, dentists, school counselors, therapists, social workers and others) because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Helping_Job_Stressful
PX281501060300 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
people in helping jobs (by doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, case workers, dentists, school counselors, therapists, social workers and others) because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Institution_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501080200 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
institutions (schools, universities, law firms, the police, the courts, the Department of Social Services, the Unemployment Office and others) because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Institution_Often_Past_Year
PX281501080100 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
institutions (schools, universities, law firms, the police, the courts, the Department of Social Services, the Unemployment Office and others) because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Institution_Stressful
PX281501080300 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
institutions (schools, universities, law firms, the police, the courts, the Department of Social Services, the Unemployment Office and others) because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Neighbor_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501070200 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
neighbors because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Neighbor_Often_Past_Year
PX281501070100 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
neighbors because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Neighbor_Stressful
PX281501070300 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
neighbors because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_People_Friend_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501090200 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
people that you thought were your friends because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_People_Friend_Often_Past_Year
PX281501090100 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
people that you thought were your friends because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_People_Friend_Stressful
PX281501090300 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
people that you thought were your friends because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Service_Job_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501040200 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
people in service jobs (by store clerks, waiters, bartenders, bank tellers and others) because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Service_Job_Often_Past_Year
PX281501040100 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
people in service jobs (by store clerks, waiters, bartenders, bank tellers and others) because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Service_Job_Stressful
PX281501040300 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
people in service jobs (by store clerks, waiters, bartenders, bank tellers and others) because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Stranger_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501050200 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
strangers because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Stranger_Often_Past_Year
PX281501050100 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
strangers because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Stranger_Stressful
PX281501050300 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
strangers because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Teacher_Professor_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501010200 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
teachers and professors because of your race/ethnic group? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Teacher_Professor_Often_Past_Year
PX281501010100 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
teachers and professors because of your race/ethnic group? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Unfair_Teacher_Professor_Stressful
PX281501010300 How often have you been treated unfairly by more
teachers and professors because of your race/ethnic group? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Want_Tell_Off_Racist_Often_Entire_Life
PX281501120200 How often did you want to tell someone off more
for being racist towards you but didn't say anything? How often in your entire life? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Want_Tell_Off_Racist_Often_Past_Year
PX281501120100 How often did you want to tell someone off more
for being racist towards you but didn't say anything? How often in the past year? show less
N/A
PX281501_Racial_Ethnic_Discrimination_Recent_Lifetime_Want_Tell_Off_Racist_Stressful
PX281501120300 How often did you want to tell someone off more
for being racist towards you but didn't say anything? How stressful was this for you? show less
N/A
Individual Social Determinants of Health
Measure Name

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination - Recent and Lifetime

Release Date

December 14, 2022

Definition

Discrimination is defined as negative actions or lack of consideration given to an individual or group that occurs because of a preconceived and unjustified opinion. It may encompass school, work, neighborhood, and healthcare interactions.

Purpose

To assess a person’s perception about the frequency of unfair treatment because of the individual’s racial/ethnic identity. It measures recent and lifetime discrimination in various work/life settings and levels of stress that these experiences caused.

Keywords

Discrimination, racism, bias, stress, ethnicity, race, prejudice, trauma, Social environments

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
281501 Racial/Ethnic Discrimination - Recent and Lifetime
Publications

Burnett-Bowie, S. A. M., et al. (2024) The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on clinical algorithms for fracture risk report. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2024 May; 39(5): 517-530. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae048

Bartholomew, T. S., et al. (2024) Project CHARIOT: study protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study of comprehensive tele-harm reduction for engagement of people who inject drugs in HIV prevention services Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2024 March; 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s13722-024-00447-9