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Protocol - Substances - Lifetime Use

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Description

Respondents answer questions from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) related to their lifetime use of illicit and prescribed substances.

Specific Instructions

The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition Version (AUDADIS-5) Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders Scoring Algorithms are provided for data interpretation. Please click here to access the scoring algorithm document. The algorithms were constructed by Yoanna McDowell, M.A, under the supervision of Dr. Kenneth Sher (University of Missouri) in 2017 and posted here with their permission. They were verified by diagnostic variables available in the NESARC-III data set and published NESARC-III diagnostic and severity prevalence data. Users are solely responsible for the use and interpretation of the algorithms and results.

Due to the complexity of the algorithms and associated analysis, Expert Review Panel 3 recommends analysis be performed by a statistician who has experience using NESARC datasets,

The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition Version (AUDADIS-5) is a complex diagnostic instrument that likely requires expertise with SAS and the NESARC dataset in order to successfully implement scoring algorithms. Investigators interested in briefer, screening-level assessments of alcohol and other substance use disorders are encouraged to review assessments of this collection:

Mental Health Research Collections

The following question may gather sensitive information relating to the use of substances or illegal conduct. If the information is released, it might be damaging to an individual’s employability, lead to social stigmatization, or result in other consequences.

For information on obtaining a Certificate of Confidentiality, which helps researchers protect the privacy of human research participants, please go to the National Human Genome Research Institute’s Institutional Review Board website (http://www.genome.gov/10005108).

Availability

Available

Protocol

Now I’d like to ask you about your experiences with medicines and other kinds of drugs that you may have used ON YOUR OWN-that is, either WITHOUT a doctor’s prescription (PAUSE); in GREATER amounts, MORE OFTEN, or LONGER than prescribed (PAUSE); or for a reason other than a doctor said you should use them. People use these medicines and drugs ON THEIR OWN to feel more alert, to relax or quiet their nerves, to feel better, to enjoy themselves, to get high or just to see how they work.

(SHOW FLASHCARD 40)

1a. Have you EVER used any of these medicines or drugs? Read list. (If "YES" to any drug category, ask: Which ones?) Record specific drug(s) used.

1[ ]Sedatives or tranquilizers, for example…barbs, downers, Am’-bee-en, Lunesta, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, Hal’-see-on, Tuinal, Nembutal, Seconal, Librium, Valium, Xanax, benzodiayz’-a-peens, tranks, Ativan.

2[ ]Painkillers, for example…methadone, codeine, Demerol, Vy’-ko-din, Oxi-kon’-tin, opium, oxy, Per’-ko-set, Dill-odd’-id, Per’-ko-dan, morphine.

3[ ]Mariwa’-na, including THC, for example…weed, pot, dope, hashish, Mary Jane, joint, blunt.

4[ ]Cocaine or crack, for example…blow, rock, snow.

5[ ]Stimulants, for example…Add’-erall, Concerta, Sy’-lert, Pro-vig’-il, Ritalin or Dexedrine, speed, amphetamine, methamphetamine, uppers, bennies, pep pills, crystal, crank.

6[ ]Club drugs, for example…MDMA, ecstasy, GHB, Ro-hip’-nol, kett’-amine, Special K, XTC, roofies.

7[ ]Hallucinogens, for example…LSD, acid, PCP, mescaline, pay-o’-tee, sillosy’-bin, mushrooms, angel dust, cactus.

8[ ]Inhalants or solvents, for example…nitrous oxide, lighter fluid, gasoline, cleaning fluid, glue, poppers, whippets.

9[ ]Heroin, for example…smack, black tar, poppy.

10[ ]Any OTHER medicines or drugs, for example…steroids, Elavil, Thoarazine, or Haldol.

(SELECT MOST FREQUENT USED OTHER DRUG) - Specify

CHECK ITEM 3.10

Is at least one category marked in 1a?

1[ ]Yes - Classify as ever (drug) use

2[ ]No - Classify as non (drug) user

FLASHCARD 40

TYPES OF MEDICINES/DRUGS

1 Sedatives or tranquilizers, for example…barbs, downers, Ambien, Lunesta, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, Halcion, Tuinal, Nembutal, Seconal, Librium, Valium, Xanax, benzodiazepines, tranks, Ativan.

2 Painkillers, for example…methadone, codeine, Demerol, Vicodin, OxyContin, opium, oxy, Percocet, Dilaudid, Percodan, morphine.

3 Marijuana, including THC, for example…weed, pot, dope, hashish, Mary Jane, joint, blunt.

4 Cocaine or crack, for example…blow, rock, snow.

5 Stimulants, for example…Adderall, Concerta, Cylert, Provigil, Ritalin or Dexedrine, speed, amphetamine, methamphetamine, uppers, bennies, pep pills, crystal, crank.

6 Club drugs, for example…MDMA, ecstasy, GHB, Rohypnol, ketamine, Special K, XTC, roofies.

7 Hallucinogens, for example…LSD, acid, PCP, mescaline, peyote, psilocybin, mushrooms, angel dust, cactus.

8 Inhalants or solvents, for example…nitrous oxide, lighter fluid, gasoline, cleaning fluid, glue, poppers, whippets.

9 Heroin, for example…smack, black tar, poppy.

10 Any OTHER medicines.

Personnel and Training Required

The interviewer must be trained and found competent to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided. It is preferable either to read the questionnaire aloud to the respondent or administer it in an audio-assisted computer interview (ACASI) format. The questions are sensitive in nature, and the interviewer should be trained to react appropriately to emotional responses. If a distressed respondent protocol is adopted, the interviewer should be trained to administer those procedures.

Equipment Needs

While the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5) instrument was developed for administration by computer, the PhenX WG acknowledges that these questions can be administered in a noncomputerized format. Hasin et al. (1997) and Grant et al. (1995) used the AUDADIS in paper-and-pencil format, while Grant et al. (2003) obtained data with the computerized format.

Requirements
Requirement CategoryRequired
Major equipment No
Specialized training No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual No
Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

Adults aged 18 years or older

Selection Rationale

The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) captures "diagnostic" information via the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS-5). Therefore, the user can link diagnostic data from the NESARC directly to treatment utilization also collected from the NESARC.

Language

English

Standards
StandardNameIDSource
caDSR Form PhenX PX031102 - Substances Lifetime Use 6872198 caDSR Form
Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel 3 (ERP3) reviewed the measures in the Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances domain and in the Substance Abuse and Addiction Collection.

Guidance from the ERP includes:

  • Updated protocol (same source)

Partially back-compatible (updated/similar protocol which would require some changes to the data dictionary), variable mapping between current and previous protocols can be found here (link).

Previous version in Toolkit archive.

Protocol Name from Source

National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III)

Source

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). (N.d.). National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III). Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Health. Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS-5), Section 3B - Medicine Use (Question 1a).

General References

Grant, B. F., Dawson, D. A., Stinson, F. S., Chou, P. S., Kay, W., & Pickering, R. (2003). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): Reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 71(1), 7-16.

Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Saha, T. D., Chou, S. P., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Smith, S. M., Huang, B., Hasin, D. S. (2015). Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(8), 757-766.

Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Smith, S. M., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Chou, S. P., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., Saha, T. D., Aivadyan, C., Greenstein, E., & Hasin, D. S. (2015). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): Reliability of substance use and psychiatric disorder modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148, 27-33.

Grant, B. F., Harford, T. C., Dawson, D. A., Chou, P. S., & Pickering, R. P. (1995). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS): Reliability of alcohol and drug modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 39(1), 37-44.

Hasin, D., Carpenter, K. M., McCloud, S., Smith, M., & Grant, B. F. (1997). The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule (AUDADIS): Reliability of alcohol and drug modules in a clinical sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 44(2-3), 133-141.

Hasin, D. S., Greenstein, E., Aivadyan, C., Stohl, M., Aharonovich, E., Saha, T., Goldstein, R., Nunes, E. V., Jung, J., Zhang, H., & Grant, B. F. (2015). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): Procedural validity of substance use disorders modules through clinical re-appraisal in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148, 40-46.

Hasin, D. S., O’Brien, C. P., Auriacombe, M., Borges, G., Bucholz, K., Budney, A., Compton, W. M., Crowley, T., Ling, W., Petry, N. M., Schuckit, M., & Grant, B. F. (2013). DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: Recommendations and rationale. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(8), 834-851.

Protocol ID

31102

Variables
Export Variables
Variable Name Variable IDVariable DescriptiondbGaP Mapping
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Classify_User
PX031102020000 Is at least one category marked in 1a? N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Club_Drugs
PX031102010600 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Club drugs, for exampleÆ’MDMA, ecstasy, GHB, Ro-hip'-nol, kett'-amine, Special K, XTC, roofies. show less
N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Cocaine
PX031102010400 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Cocaine or crack, for exampleÆ’blow, rock, snow. show less
N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Hallucinogens
PX031102010700 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Hallucinogens, for exampleÆ’LSD, acid, PCP, mescaline, pay-o'-tee, sillosy'-bin, mushrooms, angel dust, cactus. show less
N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Heroin
PX031102010900 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Heroin, for exampleÆ’smack, black tar, poppy. show less
N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Inhalants
PX031102010800 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Inhalants or solvents, for exampleÆ’nitrous oxide, lighter fluid, gasoline, cleaning fluid, glue, poppers, whippets. show less
N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Marijuana
PX031102010300 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Mariwa'-na, including THC, for exampleÆ’weed, pot, dope, hashish, Mary Jane, joint, blunt. show less
N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Other
PX031102011000 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Any OTHER medicines or drugs, for exampleÆ’steroids, Elavil, Thoarazine, or Haldol. show less
N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Painkillers
PX031102010200 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Painkillers, for exampleÆ’methadone, codeine, Demerol, Vy'-ko-din, Oxi-kon'-tin, opium, oxy, Per'-ko-set, Dill-odd'-id, Per'-ko-dan, morphine. show less
N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Sedatives
PX031102010100 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Sedatives or tranquilizers, for exampleÆ’barbs, downers, Am'-bee-en, Lunesta, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, Hal'-see-on, Tuinal, Nembutal, Seconal, Librium, Valium, Xanax, benzodiayz'-a-peens, tr show less
N/A
PX031102_Substances_Lifetime_Use_Stimulants
PX031102010500 Have you EVER used any of these medicines or more
drugs? Stimulants, for exampleÆ’Add'-erall, Concerta, Sy'-lert, Pro-vig'-il, Ritalin or Dexedrine, speed, amphetamine, methamphetamine, uppers, bennies, pep pills, crystal, crank. show less
N/A
Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances
Measure Name

Substances - Lifetime Use

Release Date

November 28, 2017

Definition

Questions ask the respondent if he or she has ever used a drug during his or her entire life.

Purpose

This measure can be used to assess the participant’s lifetime use of any drug. The question is often used as a prelude to more detailed questions about substance use to screen out individuals who have ever used these substances.

Keywords

Drugs, substance use, illicit substances, Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule, AUDADIS, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, NESARC, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM, alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, ATOS, gerontology, aging, geriatrics

Measure Protocols
Protocol ID Protocol Name
31102 Substances - Lifetime Use
Publications

Garrison-Desany, H. M., et al. (2024) Post-traumatic stress and future substance use outcomes: leveraging antecedent factors to stratify risk Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2024 March; 15. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1249382

Kim-Spoon, J., et al. (2019) Longitudinal pathways linking family risk, neural risk processing, delay discounting, and adolescent substance use. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2019 February; 60(6): 655-664. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13015