Protocol - Dairy Food Intake (Daily Servings)

Description

These questions from the Five-Factor Screener may be useful to assess an individual’s approximate intake of several foods. These particular questions address dairy product intake. No portion-size questions are asked. This screener does not attempt to assess total diet.

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

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Protocol

These questions are about the different kinds of foods you ate or drank during the PAST MONTH, that is, the past 30 days. When answering, please include meals and snacks eaten at home, at work or school, in restaurants, and anyplace else. *Read text if the respondent needs further clarification about the information requested.

1. During the past month . . . How often did you have MILK, either to drink or on cereal? Do NOT include small amounts of milk in coffee or tea. *Read if necessary: Do NOT include cream or soy milk. INCLUDE skim, no-fat, low-fat, whole milk, buttermilk, and lactose-free milk. Also INCLUDE chocolate or other flavored milks.

00 [ ] Never

01 [ ] 1-3 times last month

02 [ ] 1-2 times per week

03 [ ] 3-4 times per week

04 [ ] 5-6 times per week

05 [ ] 1 time per day

06 [ ] 2 times per day

07 [ ] 3 times per day

08 [ ] 4 times per day

09 [ ] 5 or more times per day

97 [ ] Refused

99 [ ] Don’t know

2. During the past month . . . How often did you eat any kind of CHEESE? Include cheese as a snack; cheese on burgers, sandwiches, or pizza; and cheese mixed into such foods as lasagna, enchiladas, or casseroles. *Read if necessary: Do NOT count cream cheese.

00 [ ] Never

01 [ ] 1-3 times last month

02 [ ] 1-2 times per week

03 [ ] 3-4 times per week

04 [ ] 5-6 times per week

05 [ ] 1 time per day

06 [ ] 2 times per day

07 [ ] 3 times per day

08 [ ] 4 times per day

09 [ ] 5 or more times per day

97 [ ] Refused

99 [ ] Don’t know

Scoring Procedures The following procedures are used to convert an individual’s responses to an estimate of that individual’s number of dairy servings: 1. The frequency reported categorically on the questionnaire is converted to the number of times dairy products were consumed per day, as shown in Table 1. In general, the midpoint of the frequency range was used.

Table 1. Conversion of Frequency Response to Times per Day
Frequency Response	Times per Day
Never	0
1-3 times per month	0.067
1-2 times per week	0.214
3-4 times per week	0.5
5-6 times per week	0.786
1 time per day	1
2 times per day	2
3 times per day	3
4 times per day	4
5 or more times per day	5

2. The age- and gender-specific portion sizes (Table 2) for each food are multiplied by the frequency calculated in Step 1.

Table 2. Median Portion Size in Pyramid Servings per Mention by Gender and Age for Dairy
Food Group	Age Group
Food Group	18-27	28-37	38-47	48-57	58-67	68-77	78-99
Men
Milk (P₁)	1.250500	1.083000	1.100400	1.000000	0.916667	0.833333	0.750000
Cheese (P₂)	0.741000	0.641333	0.667000	0.600000	0.575000	0.499000	0.370000
Women
Milk (P₁)	1.000000	1.000000	0.999000	0.874000	0.750000	0.718750	0.750000
Cheese (P₂)	0.517000	0.470000	0.494000	0.494000	0.470000	0.379000	0.494000

3. Regression coefficients (Table 3) are applied according to the equation below.

Table 3. Estimated Regression Coefficients for Sum of Foods Predicting Servings of Dairy, by Gender
Parameter	Men	Women
Intercept (b₀)	0.417414	0.385301
b₁	0.831739	0.782852

E (Dairy^1/2) = b₀ + b₁ (N_FG1P₁ + N_FG2P₂)^1/2

For men: Square root of Daily Pyramid Servings of Dairy = 0.417414 + 0.831739 (Square root of (Daily Frequency * Gender/Age Specific Portion Size per Mention for Milk + Daily Frequency * Gender/Age Specific Portion Size per Mention for Cheese))

For women: Square root of Daily Pyramid Servings of Dairy = 0.385301 + 0.782852 (Square root of (Daily Frequency * Gender/Age Specific Portion Size per Mention for Milk + Daily Frequency * Gender/Age Specific Portion Size per Mention for Cheese))

Personnel and Training Required

The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided. These questions can be administered using multiple modes (e.g., paper-and-pencil and computer-assisted interviews).

Equipment Needs

Although the source instrument was developed to be administered by computer, the PhenX Working Group acknowledges that these questions can be administered in a noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. The interviewer will require a laptop or handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult, Senior

Participants

Ages 18 years or older

Selection Rationale

Vetted against several other dairy intake questions, these questions from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Five-Factor Screener were selected because they are low burden and have been validated against the 24-hour dietary recall.

Language

Chinese, English, Spanish

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)	PhenX - dairy food protocol	62281-1	LOINC
Human Phenotype Ontology	Abnormality of calcium homeostasis	HP:0004364	HPO
caDSR Form	PhenX PX050401 - Dairy Food Intake Daily Servings	5850473	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #1 reviewed the measures in the Anthropometrics, Diabetes, Physical Activity and Physical Fitness, and Nutrition and Dietary Supplements domains.

Guidance from the ERP includes:

• No significant changes to measure

Back-compatible: no changes to Data Dictionary

Previous version in Toolkit archive (link)

Protocol Name from Source

National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Diet and Nutrition Questionnaire, 2005

Source

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. (2005). National Health Interview Survey (NHIS): Diet and nutrition questionnaire. Questions NAC.020_00.00 (question 1) and NAC.138_00.00 (question 2).

National Cancer Institute. (2005). Five-factor screener: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) diet and nutrition. NAC.010-NAC.138.

General References

National Cancer Institute. (2005). Five-factor screener: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) validation results. Retrieved from https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/domains/view/50000#tab4content

Protocol ID

50401

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX050401_Cheese_Frequency
	PX050401020000	During the past month... How often did you more eat any kind of CHEESE? Include cheese as a snack, cheese on burgers, sandwiches, or pizza, and cheese mixed into such foods as lasagna, enchiladas or casseroles. *Read if necessary: Do NOT count cream chees show less	Variable Mapping
PX050401_Milk_Frequency
	PX050401010000	During the past month... How often did you more have MILK, either to drink or on cereal? Do NOT include small amounts of milk in coffee or tea. *Read if necessary: Do NOT include cream or soy milk. INCLUDE skim, no-fat, low-fat, whole milk, buttermilk, an show less	Variable Mapping

Nutrition and Dietary Supplements

Measure Name

Dairy Food Intake (Daily Servings)

Release Date

October 30, 2009

Definition

A measure to estimate an individual’s daily average intake of dairy products over the last 30 days as measured in cup equivalents of milk

Purpose

Dairy products are an essential part of an individual’s diet. Calcium-rich dairy products have many health benefits, including bone health.

Keywords

Nutrition and Dietary Supplements, calcium, vitamin, mineral, NHIS

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
50401	Dairy Food Intake (Daily Servings)

Publications

Lv, N., et al. (2021) Problem-solving therapyÃ¢â‚¬â€œinduced amygdala engagement mediates lifestyle behavior change in obesity with comorbid depression: a randomized proof-of-mechanism trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2021 September; 114(6): 2060-2073. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab280

Mapping for PX050401_Cheese_Frequency

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort	phv00205284	[Dairy foods]. In the past year, how often on average did you consume... Cottage cheese or ricotta cheese; 1/2 c. Q5 [Dietary Intake Form (DTIC), exam 3]
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort	phv00205185	[Dairy foods]. In the past year, how often on average did you consume... Cottage cheese or ricotta cheese; 1/2 c. Q5 [Dietary Intake Form, exam 2]
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort	phv00205064	[Dairy foods]. In the past year, how often on average did you consume... Cottage cheese or ricotta cheese; 1/2 c. Q5 [Dietary Intake Form, exam 1]
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116853	CHEESE - FULL FAT
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112801	CHEESE - FULL FAT
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112802	CHEESE - REDUCED FAT
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112803	CHEESE - LOW FAT AND FAT FREE
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112804	CHEESE - NONDAIRY
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116854	CHEESE - REDUCED FAT
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116855	CHEESE - LOW FAT AND FAT FREE
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116856	CHEESE - NONDAIRY
Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cohort	phv00100222	OTHER CHEESES AND CHEESE SPREADS
Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cohort	phv00100192	MIXED DISHES W CHEESE(MACARONI/CHEESE)
Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cohort	phv00100221	COTTAGE CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00157434	FFQ: COTTAGE OR RICOTTA CHEESE (1/2 CUP)
Framingham Cohort	phv00157612	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - COTTAGE/RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00157436	FFQ: OTHER CHEESE (1 SLICE OR 1 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00003817	PORTIONS OF CHEESE PER WEEK
Framingham Cohort	phv00157614	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - OTHER CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00157911	FFQ: COTTAGE OR RICOTTA CHEESE (1/2 CUP)
Framingham Cohort	phv00157913	FFQ: OTHER CHEESE (1 SLICE OR 1 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00158228	FFQ: COTTAGE OR RICOTTA CHEESE (1/2 CUP)
Framingham Cohort	phv00158230	FFQ: OTHER CHEESE (1 SLICE OR 1 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00158415	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - COTTAGE/RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00158417	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - OTHER CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00162161	FFQ: COTTAGE OR RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00162163	FFQ: OTHER CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00162549	DERIVED FIELD:COTTAGE/RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00162551	DERIVED FIELD:OTHER CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00172483	FFQ: Cottage or ricotta cheese
Framingham Cohort	phv00172485	FFQ: Other cheese, e.g., American, cheddar, etc., plain or as part of a dish
Framingham Cohort	phv00172487	FFQ: What type of cheese do you usually eat? - regular
Framingham Cohort	phv00172488	FFQ: What type of cheese do you usually eat? - low fat or lite
Framingham Cohort	phv00172489	FFQ: What type of cheese do you usually eat? - nonfat
Framingham Cohort	phv00172950	Derived field: Cottage or ricotta cheese
Framingham Cohort	phv00172952	Derived field: Other cheese
Framingham Cohort	phv00157171	DERIVED FIELD:COTTAGE/RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00002257	INTERIM HISTORY OF DIET: CHEESE, NO.TIMES/WEEK
Framingham Cohort	phv00068290	FFQ: COTTAGE OR RICOTTA CHEESE (1/2 CUP)
Framingham Cohort	phv00068292	FFQ: OTHER CHEESE (1 SLICE OR 1 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00068468	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - COTTAGE/RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00068470	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - OTHER CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00068858	FFQ: COTTAGE OR RICOTTA CHEESE (1/2 CUP)
Framingham Cohort	phv00068860	FFQ: OTHER CHEESE (1 SLICE OR 1 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00069037	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - COTTAGE/RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00069039	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - OTHER CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00069901	FFQ: COTTAGE OR RICOTTA CHEESE (1/2 CUP)
Framingham Cohort	phv00069903	FFQ: OTHER CHEESE (1 SLICE OR 1 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00070061	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - COTTAGE/RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00070063	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - OTHER CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00070766	MIXED CHEESE AND TOMATO-PIZZA, LASAGNA (SERVING)
Framingham Cohort	phv00070777	CUP OF WHOLE MILK COTTAGE OR RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00070779	OTHER HARD CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00156801	FFQ: COTTAGE OR RICOTTA CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00156803	FFQ: OTHER CHEESE
Framingham Cohort	phv00157173	DERIVED FIELD:OTHER CHEESE
GenADA/LONG/Imaging (Genetic Alzheimer's Disease Associations)	phv00082133	Cheese: Serving frequency
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Cohort	phv00218389	FREQ28 : COTTAGE CHEESE
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Cohort	phv00218392	FREQ29 : CHEDDAR CHEESE
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Cohort	phv00218726	ADDED DIET QU : LOW-FAT CHEESE
The Genomics and Randomized Trials Network (GARNET) Vitamin Intervention Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial	phv00168130	How often do you consume Cottage cheese or ricotta cheese; 1/2 c.?
The Vaginal Microbiome: Disease, Genetics and the Environment	phv00090491	On average, during the last year, how often did you eat cheese?
Women's Health Initiative	phv00111801	Item
Women's Health Initiative	phv00111842	Item
Women's Health Initiative	phv00111843	Item

Mapping for PX050401_Milk_Frequency

dbGAP Study	dbGAP Variable	dbGAP Variable Description
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort	phv00205281	[Dairy foods]. In the past year, how often on average did you consume... Whole milk; 8 oz. glass. Q2 [Dietary Intake Form (DTIC), exam 3]
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort	phv00205280	[Dairy foods]. In the past year, how often on average did you consume... Skim or low fat milk; 8 oz. glass. Q1 [Dietary Intake Form (DTIC), exam 3]
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort	phv00205182	[Dairy foods]. In the past year, how often on average did you consume... Whole milk; 8oz. Glass. Q2 [Dietary Intake Form, exam 2]
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort	phv00205181	[Dairy foods]. In the past year, how often on average did you consume... Skim or low fat milk; 8 oz. glass. Q1 [Dietary Intake Form, exam 2]
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort	phv00205061	[Dairy foods]. In the past year, how often on average did you consume... Whole milk; 8oz. Glass. Q2 [Dietary Intake Form, exam 1]
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort	phv00205060	[Dairy foods]. In the past year, how often on average did you consume... Skim or low fat milk; 8 oz. glass. Q1 [Dietary Intake Form, exam 1]
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112790	MILK - WHOLE
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112791	MILK - REDUCED FAT
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112792	MILK - LOW FAT AND FAT FREE
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112794	READY-TO-DRINK FLAVORED MILK - WHOLE
CARDIA Cohort	phv00112795	READY-TO-DRINK FLAVORED MILK - REDUCED FAT
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116842	MILK - WHOLE
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116843	MILK - REDUCED FAT
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116844	MILK - LOW FAT AND FAT FREE
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116846	READY-TO-DRINK FLAVORED MILK - WHOLE
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116847	READY-TO-DRINK FLAVORED MILK - REDUCED FAT
CARDIA Cohort	phv00116848	READY-TO-DRINK FLAVORED MILK - LOW FAT AND FAT FREE
Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cohort	phv00100226	SKIM MILK, 1% MILK OR BUTTERMILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00162542	DERIVED FIELD:WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00157426	FFQ: SKIM OR LOWFAT MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00157427	FFQ: WHOLE MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00157604	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - SKIM MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00157605	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00172940	Derived field: Whole milk
Framingham Cohort	phv00172939	Derived field: 1 or 2% milk
Framingham Cohort	phv00172938	Derived field: Skim milk
Framingham Cohort	phv00172473	FFQ: Whole milk
Framingham Cohort	phv00172472	FFQ: 1 or 2% milk
Framingham Cohort	phv00172471	FFQ: Skim milk
Framingham Cohort	phv00158407	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - SKIM MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00162541	DERIVED FIELD: SKIM MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00162154	FFQ: WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00162153	FFQ: SKIM OR LOWFAT MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00158408	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00157903	FFQ: SKIM OR LOWFAT MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00157904	FFQ: WHOLE MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00158220	FFQ: SKIM OR LOWFAT MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00158221	FFQ: WHOLE MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00003813	GLASSES OF SKIM/LOW FAT MILK PER WEEK
Framingham Cohort	phv00157163	DERIVED FIELD: SKIM MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00002258	INTERIM HISTORY OF DIET: WHOLE MILK, GLASSES/WEEK
Framingham Cohort	phv00003814	GLASSES OF WHOLE MILK PER WEEK
Framingham Cohort	phv00068282	FFQ: SKIM OR LOWFAT MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00068283	FFQ: WHOLE MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00068460	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - SKIM MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00068461	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00068850	FFQ: SKIM OR LOWFAT MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00068851	FFQ: WHOLE MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00069029	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - SKIM MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00069030	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00069894	FFQ: SKIM OR LOWFAT MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00069895	FFQ: WHOLE MILK (8 OZ)
Framingham Cohort	phv00070053	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - SKIM MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00070054	DERIVED FIELD: SERVINGS PER WEEK - WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00070767	SKIM MILK OR SKIM BUTTERMILK (CUP)
Framingham Cohort	phv00070768	1-2% LOW FAT MILK (GLASS)
Framingham Cohort	phv00070769	CUP OF WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00157164	DERIVED FIELD:WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00156794	FFQ: WHOLE MILK
Framingham Cohort	phv00156793	FFQ: SKIM OR LOWFAT MILK
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Cohort	phv00218781	FOOD GROUP 15 : WHOLE MILK
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Cohort	phv00218780	FOOD GROUP 14 : LOW FAT MILK
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Cohort	phv00218646	FREQ107 : SKIM MILK
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Cohort	phv00218643	FREQ106 : TWO PERCENT MILK
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Cohort	phv00218640	FREQ105 : WHOLE MILK
The Genomics and Randomized Trials Network (GARNET) Vitamin Intervention Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial	phv00168120	How often do you drink Skim milk; 8 oz. Glass?
The Genomics and Randomized Trials Network (GARNET) Vitamin Intervention Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial	phv00168122	How often do you drink Whole milk; 8 oz. Glass?
The Genomics and Randomized Trials Network (GARNET) Vitamin Intervention Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial	phv00168121	How often do you drink 1% or 2% milk; 8 oz. Glass?
The Vaginal Microbiome: Disease, Genetics and the Environment	phv00090490	On average, during the last year, how often did you drink milk?
Women's Health Initiative	phv00111838	Item
Women's Health Initiative	phv00111678	Q6.1.5: Non-fat milk on cereal
Women's Health Initiative	phv00111677	Q6.1.4: 1% milk on cereal
Women's Health Initiative	phv00111675	Q6.1.2: Whole milk on cereal