Protocol - Decision Making (Iowa Gambling Task) - Child

Description

The child version of the Iowa Gambling Test™, developed by Garon and Moore (2004), is an interviewer-administered task originally given to children aged 3-6. The participant selects one card at a time from four decks. Participants are instructed that each card selected will result in winning candy, with some cards also taking candy away. The goal of the task is to accumulate as much candy as possible. Several summary scores can be calculated, including total candy won and difference between advantageous and disadvantageous selections.

For more information about the Iowa Gambling Test™, please refer to the Cognitive Atlas Interpretation.

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

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Protocol

Summary of the Child Version of the Iowa Gambling Test™ Developed by Garon and Moore (2004)

Participants are given a starting loan of 15 pieces of candy and then instructed that the goal of the task is to win as much candy as possible by drawing cards one at a time from four separate decks. All cards reward the participant with candy, while some both give and take away candy from the participant. Two of the decks are "disadvantageous" resulting in an equivalent net loss in the long run, while the other two decks are "advantageous" resulting in an equivalent net gain over time.

To account for the developing mental capabilities of children instead of adults, the child version of the Iowa Gambling Test™ limits the length of the test to 40 card choices (instead of 100) and varies rewards and contingencies over five card blocks (instead of 10 card blocks). Additionally, the child version includes a four question awareness test at the end to determine whether the child knew what was occurring during the test (i.e., which decks are "good" to choose from and why, which decks are "bad" to choose from and why).

Scoring

Several summary scores can be derived, including total amount of candy won, total number of cards selected from each deck, and the total scores from the awareness portion of the test (see Garon & Moore, 2004, for more details).

The Iowa Gambling Test™ is a trademark of PAR, Inc.

Personnel and Training Required

The child version of the Iowa Gambling Test™ can be administered by research assistants trained in the ethical and competent use of psychological tests. Investigators are encouraged to have quality control procedures in place to maintain consistency among examiners.

Equipment Needs

Examiners will need to fabricate four decks of cards according to the rules developed by Garon and Moore (2004), a score sheet to record the participant’s choices, and candy to give as rewards.

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered evaluation

Lifestage

Toddler, Child

Participants

Children aged 3-6 years

Selection Rationale

This decision-making protocol developed by Garon and Moore (2004) is based on The Iowa Gambling Test™, a well-known test of poor decision making, in which users of alcohol, cocaine, opiates, and marijuana users have been shown to perform more poorly than controls. Furthermore, the Iowa Gambling Test™ was originally developed for patients with lesions in the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain known to be involved in addiction disorders.

Language

English

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Human Phenotype Ontology	Risk taking	HP:0031472	HPO
caDSR Form	PhenX PX530201 - Decision Making Iowa Gambling Task Child	6227141	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP 3) reviewed the measures in Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, and Substance Abuse and Addiction domains.

Guidance from ERP 3 includes:

• No significant changes to measure

Back-compatible: NA no changes to Data Dictionary

Protocol Name from Source

Iowa Gambling Test™ - Child version, 2004

Source

Garon, N., & Moore, C. (2004). Complex decision-making in early childhood. Brain and Cognition, 55(1), 158-170.

General References

Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50(1-3), 7-15.

Bechara, A., Tranel, D., & Damasio, H. (2000). Characterization of the decision-making deficit of patients with ventromedial prefrontal cortex lesions. Brain, 123, 2189-2202.

Bowman, C. H., & Turnbull, O. H. (2003). Real versus facsimile reinforcers on the Iowa gambling task. Brain and Cognition, 53, 207-210.

Buelow, M. T., & Suhr, J. A. (2009). Construct validity of the Iowa Gambling Task. Neuropsychology Review, 19(1), 102-114.

Protocol ID

530201

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX530201_Best_Deck_To_Pick_From
	PX530201430000	Now that we are done with the game, which more deck was the best to pick from? show less	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_1
	PX530201030100	Deck card 1 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_10
	PX530201120100	Deck card 10 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_11
	PX530201130100	Deck card 11 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_12
	PX530201140100	Deck card 12 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_13
	PX530201150100	Deck card 13 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_14
	PX530201160100	Deck card 14 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_15
	PX530201170100	Deck card 15 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_16
	PX530201180100	Deck card 16 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_17
	PX530201190100	Deck card 17 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_18
	PX530201200100	Deck card 18 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_19
	PX530201210100	Deck card 19 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_2
	PX530201040100	Deck card 2 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_20
	PX530201220100	Deck card 20 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_21
	PX530201230100	Deck card 21 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_22
	PX530201240100	Deck card 22 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_23
	PX530201250100	Deck card 23 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_24
	PX530201260100	Deck card 24 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_25
	PX530201270100	Deck card 25 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_26
	PX530201280100	Deck card 26 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_27
	PX530201290100	Deck card 27 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_28
	PX530201300100	Deck card 28 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_29
	PX530201310100	Deck card 29 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_3
	PX530201050100	Deck card 3 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_30
	PX530201320100	Deck card 30 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_31
	PX530201330100	Deck card 31 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_32
	PX530201340100	Deck card 32 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_33
	PX530201350100	Deck card 33 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_34
	PX530201360100	Deck card 34 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_35
	PX530201370100	Deck card 35 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_36
	PX530201380100	Deck card 36 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_37
	PX530201390100	Deck card 37 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_38
	PX530201400100	Deck card 38 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_39
	PX530201410100	Deck card 39 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_4
	PX530201060100	Deck card 4 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_40
	PX530201420100	Deck card 40 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_5
	PX530201070100	Deck card 5 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_6
	PX530201080100	Deck card 6 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_7
	PX530201090100	Deck card 7 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_8
	PX530201100100	Deck card 8 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Deck_Chosen_Card_9
	PX530201110100	Deck card 9 was chosen from	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card1
	PX530201030300	Number of candies lost with card 1.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card10
	PX530201120300	Number of candies lost with card 10.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card11
	PX530201130300	Number of candies lost with card 11.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card12
	PX530201140300	Number of candies lost with card 12.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card13
	PX530201150300	Number of candies lost with card 13.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card14
	PX530201160300	Number of candies lost with card 14.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card15
	PX530201170300	Number of candies lost with card 15.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card16
	PX530201180300	Number of candies lost with card 16.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card17
	PX530201190300	Number of candies lost with card 17.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card18
	PX530201200300	Number of candies lost with card 18.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card19
	PX530201210300	Number of candies lost with card 19.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card2
	PX530201040300	Number of candies lost with card 2.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card20
	PX530201220300	Number of candies lost with card 20.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card21
	PX530201230300	Number of candies lost with card 21.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card22
	PX530201240300	Number of candies lost with card 22.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card23
	PX530201250300	Number of candies lost with card 23.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card24
	PX530201260300	Number of candies lost with card 24.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card25
	PX530201270300	Number of candies lost with card 25.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card26
	PX530201280300	Number of candies lost with card 26.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card27
	PX530201290300	Number of candies lost with card 27.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card28
	PX530201300300	Number of candies lost with card 28.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card29
	PX530201310300	Number of candies lost with card 29.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card3
	PX530201050300	Number of candies lost with card 3.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card30
	PX530201320300	Number of candies lost with card 30.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card31
	PX530201330300	Number of candies lost with card 31.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card32
	PX530201340300	Number of candies lost with card 32.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card33
	PX530201350300	Number of candies lost with card 33.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card34
	PX530201360300	Number of candies lost with card 34.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card35
	PX530201370300	Number of candies lost with card 35.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card36
	PX530201380300	Number of candies lost with card 36.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card37
	PX530201390300	Number of candies lost with card 37.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card38
	PX530201400300	Number of candies lost with card 38.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card39
	PX530201410300	Number of candies lost with card 39.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card4
	PX530201060300	Number of candies lost with card 4.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card40
	PX530201420300	Number of candies lost with card 40.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card5
	PX530201070300	Number of candies lost with card 5.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card6
	PX530201080300	Number of candies lost with card 6.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card7
	PX530201090300	Number of candies lost with card 7.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card8
	PX530201100300	Number of candies lost with card 8.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Lost_Card9
	PX530201110300	Number of candies lost with card 9.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card1
	PX530201030200	Number of candies won with card 1.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card10
	PX530201120200	Number of candies won with card 10.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card11
	PX530201130200	Number of candies won with card 11.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card12
	PX530201140200	Number of candies won with card 12.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card13
	PX530201150200	Number of candies won with card 13.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card14
	PX530201160200	Number of candies won with card 14.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card15
	PX530201170200	Number of candies won with card 15.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card16
	PX530201180200	Number of candies won with card 16.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card17
	PX530201190200	Number of candies won with card 17.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card18
	PX530201200200	Number of candies won with card 18.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card19
	PX530201210200	Number of candies won with card 19.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card2
	PX530201040200	Number of candies won with card 2.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card20
	PX530201220200	Number of candies won with card 20.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card21
	PX530201230200	Number of candies won with card 21.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card22
	PX530201240200	Number of candies won with card 22.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card23
	PX530201250200	Number of candies won with card 23.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card24
	PX530201260200	Number of candies won with card 24.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card25
	PX530201270200	Number of candies won with card 25.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card26
	PX530201280200	Number of candies won with card 26.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card27
	PX530201290200	Number of candies won with card 27.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card28
	PX530201300200	Number of candies won with card 28.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card29
	PX530201310200	Number of candies won with card 29.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card3
	PX530201050200	Number of candies won with card 3.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card30
	PX530201320200	Number of candies won with card 30.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card31
	PX530201330200	Number of candies won with card 31.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card32
	PX530201340200	Number of candies won with card 32.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card33
	PX530201350200	Number of candies won with card 33.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card34
	PX530201360200	Number of candies won with card 34.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card35
	PX530201370200	Number of candies won with card 35.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card36
	PX530201380200	Number of candies won with card 36.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card37
	PX530201390200	Number of candies won with card 37.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card38
	PX530201400200	Number of candies won with card 38.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card39
	PX530201410200	Number of candies won with card 39.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card4
	PX530201060200	Number of candies won with card 4.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card40
	PX530201420200	Number of candies won with card 40.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card5
	PX530201070200	Number of candies won with card 5.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card6
	PX530201080200	Number of candies won with card 6.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card7
	PX530201090200	Number of candies won with card 7.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card8
	PX530201100200	Number of candies won with card 8.	N/A
PX530201_Number_Candies_Won_Card9
	PX530201110200	Number of candies won with card 9.	N/A
PX530201_Participant_Understands_The_Rules
	PX530201010000	Participant understands the rules of the game.	N/A
PX530201_Participant_Wants_To_Play
	PX530201000000	Participant wants to play the game.	N/A
PX530201_Why_Best_To_Pick_From
	PX530201440000	Why do you think this was the best to pick from?	N/A
PX530201_Why_Worst_To_Pick_From
	PX530201460000	Why do you think this was the worst to pick from?	N/A
PX530201_Worst_Deck_To_Pick_From
	PX530201450000	Which deck was the worst to pick from?	N/A

Substance Use-related Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Risk Factors

Measure Name

Decision Making (Iowa Gambling Task)

Release Date

February 24, 2012

Definition

This measure assesses the degree to which subjects can learn and adapt behavior to avoid punished responses in order to maximize benefits from a series of decisions.

Purpose

Substance users and substance-dependent individuals are known to have poor decision-making skills (Buelow & Suhr, 2009). Because decision-making skills develop during childhood and adolescence and continue into adulthood, this measure can be used to predict the emergence of potential new risk behaviors such as substance use.

Keywords

Adult, Child, Decision Making, Drug Abuse, drug use, IGT, Iowa Gambling Test™, PAR, Inc., proprietary, risk, Risk Taking, substance abuse, substance use, SAA, Substance Use-related Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Risk Factors, computer administered

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
530201	Decision Making (Iowa Gambling Task) - Child
530202	Decision Making (Iowa Gambling Task) - Adult

Publications

There are no publications listed for this protocol.