Protocol - Multigroup Ethnic Identity

Personnel and Training Required

None

Equipment Needs

None

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Self-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adolescent

Participants

The scale has been used among adolescents and young adults.

Selection Rationale

The Phinney Scale considers ethnic identity, affirmation, belonging, and commitment and has good reliability among multiple ethnic groups. The original scale had 14 items and was reduced to 12 items, based on the factorial structure. In recent years, Phinney has proposed the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure-Revised, which is a shorter, 10-item version (Phinney & Ong, 2007), but it has not been widely tested.

Language

English

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
caDSR Form	PhenX PX710801 - Multigroup Ethnic Identity	6238364	caDSR Form

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Not applicable.

Protocol Name from Source

The Phinney Scale

Source

Phinney, J. (1992). The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156-176.

Phinney, J. S., & Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54(3), 271-281.

Roberts, R., Phinney, J., Masse, L., Chen, Y., Roberts, C., & Romero, A. (1999). The structure of ethnic identity in young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, 301-322.

General References

Erikson, E. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: Norton.

Phinney, J. S. (1992). The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156-176.

Phinney, J. S. (1993). A three-stage model of ethnic identity development in adolescence. In M. E. Bernal & G. P. Knight (Eds.), Ethnic identity: Formation and transmission among Hispanics and other minorities (pp. 61-79). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.

Phinney, J. S. (1996). When we talk about American ethnic groups, what do we mean? American Psychologist, 51, 918-927.

Phinney, J., DuPont, S., Espinosa, C., Revill, J., & Sanders, K. (1994). Ethnic identity and American identification among ethnic minority adolescents. In A. Bouvy, F. van de Vijver, P. Boski, & P. Schmitz (Eds.), Journeys into cross-cultural psychology (pp. 167-183). The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.

Phinney, J. S. (2006). Ethnic identity exploration in emerging adulthood. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21^st century (pp. 117-134). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Roberts, R., Phinney, J., Masse, L., Chen, Y., Roberts, C., & Romero, A. (1999). The structure of ethnic identity in young adolescents from diverse ethnocultural groups. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, 301-322.

Ruble, D. N., Alvarez, J., Bachman, M., Cameron, J., Fuligni, A., Garcia Coll, C., & Rhee, E. (2004). The development of a sense of "we": The emergence and implications of children’s collective identity. In M. Bennett & F. Sani (Eds.), The development of the social self (pp. 29-76). New York: Psychology Press.

Protocol ID

710801

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Active_Ethnic_Group
	PX710801030000	I am activeIn organizations or social groups more thatInclude mostly members of my own ethnic group. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Affect_Life
	PX710801050000	I think a lot about how my life will be more affected by my ethnic group membership. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Clear_Sense
	PX710801040000	I have a clear sense of my ethnic background more and whatIt means for me. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Ethnic_Group
	PX710801010000	Please fill in: In terms of ethnic group, I more consider myself to be ______________________ show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Ethnic_Group
	PX710801010000	Please fill in: In terms of ethnic group, I more consider myself to be ______________________ show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Feel_Good_About
	PX710801130000	I feel good about my cultural or ethnic more background. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Find_Out
	PX710801020000	I have spent time trying to find out more more about my ethnic group, such asIts history, traditions, and customs. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Happy_Member
	PX710801060000	I am happy thatI am a member of the groupI more belong to. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Learn_TalkAbout
	PX710801090000	To learn more about my ethnic background, I more have often talked to other people about my ethnic group. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Participate_Clultural
	PX710801110000	I participateIn cultural practices of my own more group, such as special food, music, or customs. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Pride_Accomplishment
	PX710801100000	I have a lot of prideIn my ethnic group more andIts accomplishments. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Scoring
	PX710801140000	The affirmation/belonging more subscaleIncludesItems 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 12. The exploration subscaleIncludesItems 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10. (Item 3 loads on both subscales.) Scores range from 1–4. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Sense_Belonging
	PX710801070000	I have a strong sense of belonging to my own more ethnic group. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Strong_Attachment
	PX710801120000	I feel a strong attachment towards my own more ethnic group. show less	N/A
PX710801_Ethnic_Identity_Understand_Membership
	PX710801080000	I understand pretty well what my ethnic more group membership means to me. show less	N/A

Tobacco Regulatory Research - Host: Social/Cognitive

Measure Name

Multigroup Ethnic Identity

Release Date

February 20, 2015

Definition

A general measure that assesses both cognitive and affective components of one’s sense of belonging and connectedness to a group of people that have a common history, a clear understanding of the meaning of one’s group membership, positive attitudes toward the group, familiarity with its history and culture, and involvement in its practices (Phinney, 1992; Phinney et al., 1994). The measure was derived from social psychology and was developed to capture a few dimensions of this multifaceted construct. The construct is dynamic and changes over time; as a result, development perspectives must be considered as well. It has its roots in ego identity (Erikson, 1968), which suggests that identity develops over time beginning in childhood and moves through a process of reflective observation. Ruble et al. (2004) also suggests that ethnic identity begins in childhood. By young adulthood, identities have been reached, and people have a secure sense of themselves as member of a group, although there is some evidence of some development during adulthood (Phinney, 2006). Ethnic identity has been associated with multiple psychological indicators and should be interpreted within the context of its use, particularly among adolescents.

Purpose

Covers concepts of ethnic identity, affirmation, belonging, and commitment.

Keywords

Phinney, Phinney Scale, acculturation, ethnic status, ethnicity

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
710801	Multigroup Ethnic Identity

Publications

Garcia-Cazarin, M.L., Mandal, R.J., Grana, R., Wanke, K.L., Meissner, H. (2020) Host-agent-vector-environment measures for electronic cigarette research used in NIH grants. Tobacco Control. 2020 January; 29(1). doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054032

Zucker, R. A, et al. (2018) Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2018 August; 32: 107-120. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.004

Conway, K. P., et al. (2018) Co-occurrence of tobacco product use, substance use, and mental health problems among youth: Findings from wave 1 (2013-2014) of the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study. Addict Behav. 2018 January; 76: 208-217. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.009