Protocol - Discrimination
Description
The Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales include 19 interviewer-administered, yes-or-no and frequency response category questions. The Major Experiences subscale includes 9 questions about employment, housing, and education; the Everyday Discrimination subscale includes 10 questions about interactions with other people, including courtesy, respect, and harassment. A follow-up question to "yes" responses is also administered to probe about the reason for the discrimination as being related to race, gender, age, religion, disability, and so forth.
Specific Instructions
Although the Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales were validated on adults, aged 25-65 years old, the PhenX Social Environments Working Group recommends that it can be used with adults of all ages. The Everyday Discrimination Scale may also be used with adolescents.
Availability
Protocol
Major Experiences of Discrimination
"In the following questions, we are interested in the way other people have treated you or your beliefs about how other people have treated you. Can you tell me if any of the following has ever happened to you:"
1. At any time in your life, have you ever been unfairly fired?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
1.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
1.2. When was the last time this happened?
1[ ]Past week
2[ ]Past month
3[ ]Past year
4[ ]More than a year ago
1.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?
2. For unfair reasons, have you ever not been hired for a job?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
2.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
2.2. When was the last time this happened?
1[ ]Past week
2[ ]Past month
3[ ]Past year
4[ ]More than a year ago
2.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?
3. Have you ever been unfairly denied a promotion?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
3.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
3.2. When was the last time this happened?
1[ ]Past week
2[ ]Past month
3[ ]Past year
4[ ]More than a year ago
3.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?
4. Have you ever been unfairly stopped, searched, questioned, physically threatened or abused by the police?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
4.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
4.2. When was the last time this happened?
1[ ]Past week
2[ ]Past month
3[ ]Past year
4[ ]More than a year ago
4.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?
5. Have you ever been unfairly discouraged by a teacher or advisor from continuing your education?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
5.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
5.2. When was the last time this happened?
1[ ]Past week
2[ ]Past month
3[ ]Past year
4[ ]More than a year ago
5.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?
6. Have you ever been unfairly prevented from moving into a neighborhood because the landlord or a realtor refused to sell or rent you a house or apartment?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
6.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
6.2. When was the last time this happened?
1[ ]Past week
2[ ]Past month
3[ ]Past year
4[ ]More than a year ago
6.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?
7. Have you ever moved into a neighborhood where neighbors made life difficult for you or your family?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
7.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
7.2. When was the last time this happened?
1[ ]Past week
2[ ]Past month
3[ ]Past year
4[ ]More than a year ago
7.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?
8. Have you ever been unfairly denied a bank loan?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
8.1. If "yes" follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
8.2. When was the last time this happened?
1[ ]Past week
2[ ]Past month
3[ ]Past year
4[ ]More than a year ago
8.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?
9. Have you ever received service from someone such as a plumber or car mechanic that was worse than what other people get?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
9.1. If “yes” follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
9.2. When was the last time this happened?
1[ ]Past week
2[ ]Past month
3[ ]Past year
4[ ]More than a year ago
9.3. How many times has this happened during your lifetime?
The Everyday Discrimination Scale
In your day-to-day life, how often do any of the following things happen to you?
10. You are treated with less courtesy than other people are.
1[ ]Almost every day
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
10.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
11. You are treated with less respect than other people are.
1[ ]Almost every day
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
11.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think was the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
12. You receive poorer service than other people at restaurants or stores.
1[ ]Almost every day
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
12.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
13. People act as if they think you are not smart.
1[ ]Almost every day
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
13.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
14. People act as if they are afraid of you.
1[ ]Almost every day
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
14.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
15. People act as if they think you are dishonest.
1[ ]Almost every day
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
15.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
16. People act as if they’re better than you are.
1[ ]Almost everyday
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
16.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
17. You are called names or insulted.
1[ ]Almost every day
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
17.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
18. You are threatened or harassed.
1[ ]Almost every day
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
18.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
19. You are followed around in stores.
1[ ]Almost every day
2[ ]At least once a week
3[ ]A few times a month
4[ ]A few times a year
5[ ]Less than once a year
6[ ]Never
19.1. If "A few times a year" or more frequently, follow-up with: What do you think is the main reason for this experience?
1[ ]Your ancestry or national origin
2[ ]Your gender
3[ ]Your race
4[ ]Your age
5[ ]Your religion
6[ ]Your height
7[ ]Your weight
8[ ]Some other aspect of your physical appearance
9[ ]Your sexual orientation
10[ ]Your education or income level
OTHER POSSIBLE CATEGORIES TO CONSIDER
1[ ]A physical disability
2[ ]Your shade of skin color
3[ ]Your tribe
Other (SPECIFY) _______________
Personnel and Training Required
The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert).
Equipment Needs
Either a paper-and-pencil or computer-assisted instrument may be used. If a computer-assisted instrument is used, computer software may be necessary to develop the instrument. The interviewer will need a laptop computer/handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Interviewer-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Adults, ages 25-65 years
Selection Rationale
The Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales were selected because they are widely used, validated protocols with good psychometric properties. Additionally, the scales have been used in multiple racial/ethnic populations in the United States, with increasing use internationally.
Language
English, Other languages available at source
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX210302 - Discrimination | 6914887 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
The Expert Review Panel #2 (ERP 2) reviewed the measures in the Demographics, Social Environments, and Environmental Exposures domains.
Guidance from ERP 2 includes:
• Updated protocol
• New Data Dictionary
Back-compatible: there are changes to the Data Dictionary, previous version of the Data Dictionary and Variable mapping in Toolkit archive (link)
Protocol Name from Source
Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales
Source
Williams, D. R. (2015). Measuring discrimination resource. http://scholar.harvard.edu/davidrwilliams/node/32777
Williams, D. R., Yu, Y., Jackson, J., & Anderson, N. (1997). Racial differences in physical and mental health: Socioeconomic status, stress, and discrimination. Journal of Health Psychology, 2(3), 335–351.
General References
Kessler, R. C., Mickelson, K. D., & Williams, D. R. (1999). The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40, 208-230.
Krieger, N., Smith, K., Naishadham, D., Hartman, C., & Barbeau, E. M. (2005). Experiences of discrimination: Validity and reliability of a self-report measure for population health research on racism and health. Social Science and Medicine, 61, 1576-1596.
Protocol ID
210302
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX210302_Discrimination_Afraid | ||||
| PX210302140100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Afraid_Reason | ||||
| PX210302140101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Afraid_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302140102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Afraid_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302140103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Better | ||||
| PX210302160100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Better_Reason | ||||
| PX210302160101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Better_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302160102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Better_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302160103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Courtesy | ||||
| PX210302100100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Courtesy_Reason | ||||
| PX210302100101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Courtesy_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302100102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Courtesy_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302100103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Denied | ||||
| PX210302080100 | Have you ever been unfairly denied a bank loan? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Last_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302080200 | When was the last time this happened? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Lifetime_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302080300 | How many times has this happened during your more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Reason | ||||
| PX210302080101 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302080102 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Denied_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302080103 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult | ||||
| PX210302070100 | Have you ever moved into a neighborhood more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Last_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302070200 | When was the last time this happened? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Lifetime_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302070300 | How many times has this happened during your more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Reason | ||||
| PX210302070101 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302070102 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Difficult_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302070103 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged | ||||
| PX210302050100 | Have you ever been unfairly discouraged by a more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Last_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302050200 | When was the last time this happened? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Lifetime_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302050300 | How many times has this happened during your more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Reason | ||||
| PX210302050101 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302050102 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Discouraged_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302050103 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Dishonest | ||||
| PX210302150100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Dishonest_Reason | ||||
| PX210302150101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Dishonest_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302150102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Dishonest_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302150103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Fired | ||||
| PX210302010100 | At any time in your life, have you ever been more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Last_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302010200 | When was the last time this happened? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Lifetime_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302010300 | How many times has this happened during your more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Reason | ||||
| PX210302010101 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302010102 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Fired_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302010103 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Followed | ||||
| PX210302190100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Followed_Reason | ||||
| PX210302190101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Followed_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302190102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Followed_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302190103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Hired | ||||
| PX210302020100 | For unfair reasons, have you ever not been more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Last_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302020200 | When was the last time this happened? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Lifetime_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302020300 | How many times has this happened during your more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Reason | ||||
| PX210302020101 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302020102 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Hired_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302020103 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Insulted | ||||
| PX210302170100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Insulted_Reason | ||||
| PX210302170101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Insulted_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302170102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Insulted_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302170103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented | ||||
| PX210302060100 | Have you ever been unfairly prevented from more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Last_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302060200 | When was the last time this happened? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Lifetime_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302060300 | How many times has this happened during your more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Reason | ||||
| PX210302060101 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302060102 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Prevented_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302060103 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion | ||||
| PX210302030100 | Have you ever been unfairly denied a promotion? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Last_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302030200 | When was the last time this happened? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Lifetime_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302030300 | How many times has this happened during your more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Reason | ||||
| PX210302030101 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302030102 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Promotion_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302030103 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Respect | ||||
| PX210302110100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Respect_Reason | ||||
| PX210302110101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Respect_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302110102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Respect_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302110103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Service | ||||
| PX210302120100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Service_Reason | ||||
| PX210302120101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Service_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302120102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Service_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302120103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Smart | ||||
| PX210302130100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Smart_Reason | ||||
| PX210302130101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Smart_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302130102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Smart_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302130103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped | ||||
| PX210302040100 | Have you ever been unfairly stopped, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Last_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302040200 | When was the last time this happened? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Lifetime_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302040300 | How many times has this happened during your more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Reason | ||||
| PX210302040101 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302040102 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Stopped_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302040103 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Threatened | ||||
| PX210302180100 | In your day-to-day life, how often do any of more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Threatened_Reason | ||||
| PX210302180101 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Threatened_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302180102 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | Variable Mapping | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Threatened_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302180103 | If A few times a year or more frequently, more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Worse | ||||
| PX210302090100 | Have you ever received service from someone more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Last_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302090200 | When was the last time this happened? | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Lifetime_Occurrence | ||||
| PX210302090300 | How many times has this happened during your more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Reason | ||||
| PX210302090101 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Reason_Other | ||||
| PX210302090102 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
| PX210302_Discrimination_Worse_Reason_String | ||||
| PX210302090103 | If yes follow-up with: What do you think was more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Discrimination
Release Date
May 31, 2016
Definition
This measure is a questionnaire to assess perceived discriminatory experiences.
Purpose
This measure can be used by respondents to report lifetime discriminatory experiences. Discrimination is an important factor in an individual’s health because it affects access to employment, housing, and education opportunities and can affect self-esteem and cause stress.
Keywords
Social environments, Major Experiences and Everyday Discrimination Scales, prejudice, unfair treatment
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 210302 | Discrimination |
Publications
Kapera, O., et al. (2024) Prevalence of Weight Stigma in Medical Settings Among Reproductive-Aged Women in the All of Us Study. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2024 July; 144(1): 89-97. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000005614
Ronneberg, C. R., et al. (2024) Study of a PST-trained voice-enabled artificial intelligence counselor for adults with emotional distress (SPEAC-2): Design and methods*. Contemporary Clinical Trials. 2024 July; 142(13). doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107574
Burnett-Bowie, S. A. M., et al. (2024) The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on clinical algorithms for fracture risk report. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2024 May; 39(5): 517-530. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae048
Bartholomew, T. S., et al. (2024) Project CHARIOT: study protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study of comprehensive tele-harm reduction for engagement of people who inject drugs in HIV prevention services Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2024 March; 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s13722-024-00447-9
Trifan, G., et al. (2023) Association of Unfavorable Social Determinants of Health With Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack and Vascular Risk Factors in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Journal of Stroke. 2023 September; 25(3): 361-370. doi: 10.5853/jos.2023.00626
Bart, T. A., et al. (2023) Measurement invariance of commonly used psychosis-screening scales in US Spanish- and English-speaking Hispanic participants. Psychological Assessment. 2023 April; 35(4): 300-310. doi: 10.1037/pas0001207
Chan, N. W., et al. (2022) Social determinants of health data in solid organ transplantation: National data sources and future directions. Am J Transplant. 2022 October; 22(10): 2293-2301. doi: 10.1111/ajt.17096
Moore, T. M., et al. (2020) Development of a scale battery for rapid assessment of risk and resilience. Psychiatry Research. 2020 June; 288: 10. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112996
Unger, J. B. (2018) Perceived Discrimination as a Risk Factor for Use of Emerging Tobacco Products: More Similarities Than Differences Across Demographic Groups and Attributions for Discrimination. Subst Use Misuse. 2018 August; 53(10): 1638-1644. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1421226