Protocol - Family History of Incarceration

Description

These questions from the FamHIS measure the prevalence and duration of incarceration for all immediate family and extended family members.

Specific Instructions

None

Availability

Available

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Protocol

1. Many people have been held in jail or prison for a night or more at some point in their lives. Please think about your immediate family, including parents; brothers; sisters; children; and your current spouse, current romantic partner, or anyone else you have had a child with. Please include step, foster, and adoptive family members.

Confidentially and for statistical purposes only, have any members of your immediate family NOT including yourself, ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer?

[ ] 1 Yes
[ ] 2 No, none of these family members were ever in prison or jail for one night or longer

2. Thinking again about your immediate family, how many family members do you have in each of the groups listed below? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members.
1. Father(s)	0	1	2	3+
2. Mother(s)	0	1	2	3+
3. Brother(s)	0	1	2	3+
4. Sister(s)	0	1	2	3+
5. Son(s)	0	1	2	3+
6. Daughter(s)	0	1	2	3+
7. Current spouse or romantic partner	0	1
8. Anyone else you have had a child with	0	1	2	3+

3. [Ask if Q1=1] You mentioned a moment ago that a member of your immediate family has been held in jail or prison for one night or longer. How many people from the following groups have ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members.
1. Father(s)	0	1	2	3+
2. Mother(s)	0	1	2	3+
3. Brother(s)	0	1	2	3+
4. Sister(s)	0	1	2	3+
5. Son(s)	0	1	2	3+
6. Daughter(s)	0	1	2	3+
7. [Ask if Q2_7=1] Current spouse or romantic partner	0	1
8. Anyone else you have had a child with	0	1	2	3+

CREATE SUM OF Q3_1-Q3_8 (I.E., THE SUM OF ALL INCARCERATED IMMEDIATE FAMILY MEMBERS INDICATED IN Q3).

3a. [SHOW IF SUM OF FAMILY MEMBERS FROM Q3 > 0] Thinking about your immediate family members who have been held in jail or prison, what was the longest amount of time that any one of your family members spent in jail or prison?

[ ] 1 1 day
[ ] 2 2 days to a month
[ ] 3 Between a month and a year
[ ] 4 1-5 years
[ ] 5 6-10 years
[ ] 6 More than 10 years

4. Now, we would like you to think about any other, more extended, family members you feel close with who are not included in the earlier groups. As far as you are aware, have any of those other family members you feel close with ever been held in a jail or prison for a night or more at some point in their lives?

[ ] 1 Yes
[ ] 2 No
[ ] 77 Not sure

Personnel and Training Required

A laptop with the appropriate software for the Computer-Assisted Web-based Interview is required.

The interviewer must be trained to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer must be trained and found to be competent (i.e., tested by an expert) at the completion of personal interviews. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a “don’t know” response is provided.

Equipment Needs

The PhenX Working Group acknowledges these questions can be administered in a computerized or noncomputerized format (i.e., paper-and-pencil instrument). Computer software is necessary to develop computer-assisted instruments. The interviewer will require a laptop computer/handheld computer to administer a computer-assisted questionnaire.

Requirements

Requirement Category	Required
Major equipment	No
Specialized training	No
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection	No
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual	No

Mode of Administration

Interviewer-administered questionnaire

Lifestage

Adult

Participants

Adults aged 18 and older

Selection Rationale

The FamHIS is a well-known, standard measure for evaluating the prevalence of family member incarceration. The survey generates nationally representative estimates of incarceration and the incarceration of a family member.

Language

English, Spanish

Standards

Standard	Name	ID	Source
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)	PhenX - family history of incarceration protocol 281001	105258-8	LOINC

Derived Variables

None

Process and Review

Not applicable

Protocol Name from Source

Family History of Incarceration Survey (FamHIS)

Source

Enns, Peter K., Christopher Wildeman, Youngmin Yi, Megan Comfort, Maria Fitzpatrick, Alyssa Goldman, Hedwig Lee, Christopher Muller, Sara Wakefield, and Emily A. Wang, funded by FWD.us. (2018). Family History of Incarceration Study (FamHIS) - Release 3 (Version 7) [Dataset]. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research. doi:10.25940/ROPER-31115615. Items Q2, Q3, Q4, Q4LONG, Q5.

General References

Elderbroom, B., Bennett, L., Gong, S., Rose, F. & Towns, Z. (2018). Every Second: The Impact of the Incarceration Crisis on America’s Families. FWD.us. https://everysecond.fwd.us/downloads/everysecond.fwd.us.pdf

Enns, P. K., Yi, Y., Comfort, M., Goldman, A. W., Lee, H., Muller, C., Wakefield, S., Wang, E. A., & Wildeman, C. (2019). What Percentage of Americans Have Ever Had a Family Member Incarcerated?: Evidence from the Family History of Incarceration Survey (FamHIS). Socius. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023119829332

Sundaresh, R., Yi, Y., Harvey, T. D., Roy, B., Riley, C., Lee, H., Wildeman, C., & Wang, E. A. (2021). Exposure to family member incarceration and adult well-being in the United States. JAMA Network Open, 4(5), e2111821. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11821

Protocol ID

281001

Variables

Export Variables

Variable Name	Variable ID	Variable Description	dbGaP Mapping
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Any_Jail_Prison_Overnight
	PX281001010000	Many people have been held in jail or prison more for a night or more at some point in their lives. Please think about your immediate family, including parents; brothers; sisters; children; and your current spouse, current romantic partner, or anyone else you have had a child with. Please include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Confidentially and for statistical purposes only, have any members of your immediate family NOT including yourself, ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Extended_Member_Jail_Prison_Overnight
	PX281001040000	Now, we would like you to think about any more other, more extended, family members you feel close with who are not included in the earlier groups. As far as you are aware, have any of those other family members you feel close with ever been held in a jail or prison for a night or more at some point in their lives? show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Anyone_Had_Child_With
	PX281001020800	Thinking again about your immediate family, more how many family members do you have in each of the groups listed below? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Anyone else you have had a child with show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Brother
	PX281001020300	Thinking again about your immediate family, more how many family members do you have in each of the groups listed below? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Brother(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Daughter
	PX281001020600	Thinking again about your immediate family, more how many family members do you have in each of the groups listed below? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Daughter(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Father
	PX281001020100	Thinking again about your immediate family, more how many family members do you have in each of the groups listed below? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Father(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Jail_Prison_Overnight_Anyone_Had_Child_With
	PX281001030108	You mentioned a moment ago that a member of more your immediate family has been held in jail or prison for one night or longer. How many people from the following groups have ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Anyone else you have had a child with show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Jail_Prison_Overnight_Brother
	PX281001030103	You mentioned a moment ago that a member of more your immediate family has been held in jail or prison for one night or longer. How many people from the following groups have ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Brother(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Jail_Prison_Overnight_Daughter
	PX281001030106	You mentioned a moment ago that a member of more your immediate family has been held in jail or prison for one night or longer. How many people from the following groups have ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Daughter(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Jail_Prison_Overnight_Father
	PX281001030101	You mentioned a moment ago that a member of more your immediate family has been held in jail or prison for one night or longer. How many people from the following groups have ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Father(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Jail_Prison_Overnight_Mother
	PX281001030102	You mentioned a moment ago that a member of more your immediate family has been held in jail or prison for one night or longer. How many people from the following groups have ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Mother(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Jail_Prison_Overnight_Sister
	PX281001030104	You mentioned a moment ago that a member of more your immediate family has been held in jail or prison for one night or longer. How many people from the following groups have ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Sister(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Jail_Prison_Overnight_Son
	PX281001030105	You mentioned a moment ago that a member of more your immediate family has been held in jail or prison for one night or longer. How many people from the following groups have ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Son(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Jail_Prison_Overnight_Spouse_Partner
	PX281001030107	You mentioned a moment ago that a member of more your immediate family has been held in jail or prison for one night or longer. How many people from the following groups have ever been held in jail or prison for one night or longer? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Current spouse or romantic partner show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Mother
	PX281001020200	Thinking again about your immediate family, more how many family members do you have in each of the groups listed below? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Mother(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Sister
	PX281001020400	Thinking again about your immediate family, more how many family members do you have in each of the groups listed below? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Sister(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Son
	PX281001020500	Thinking again about your immediate family, more how many family members do you have in each of the groups listed below? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Son(s) show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Immediate_Members_Spouse_Partner
	PX281001020700	Thinking again about your immediate family, more how many family members do you have in each of the groups listed below? Include step, foster, and adoptive family members. Current spouse or romantic partner show less	N/A
PX281001_Family_History_Incarceration_Member_Longest_Time_Jail_Prison
	PX281001030201	Thinking about your immediate family members more who have been held in jail or prison, what was the longest amount of time that any one of your family members spent in jail or prison? show less	N/A

Individual Social Determinants of Health

Measure Name

Family History of Incarceration

Release Date

December 14, 2022

Definition

A questionnaire to record prevalence of incarceration and the incarceration of a family member.

Purpose

Incarcerated populations have a higher prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases, psychological disorders, and risk of mortality than the general population. Historically marginalized groups are disproportionately incarcerated. Incarceration of family members has economic and social impacts, affecting household income, educational outcomes, and future contact with the criminal justice system.

Keywords

Incarceration, jail, prison, family, Family History of Incarceration Survey, FamHIS, chronic disease, mental disorders, neighborhood built environment

Measure Protocols

Protocol ID	Protocol Name
281001	Family History of Incarceration

Publications

Burnett-Bowie, S. A. M., et al. (2024) The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Task Force on clinical algorithms for fracture risk report. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2024 May; 39(5): 517-530. doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae048

Bartholomew, T. S., et al. (2024) Project CHARIOT: study protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study of comprehensive tele-harm reduction for engagement of people who inject drugs in HIV prevention services Addiction Science & Clinical Practice. 2024 March; 19(1). doi: 10.1186/s13722-024-00447-9