Protocol - Self-report of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing
Description
The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) survey began in 2003 to determine risk behavior and HIV testing experiences. NHBS is conducted in cities with a high incidence of AIDS with three groups of people: men who have sex with men (MSM), injection drug users (IDU), and heterosexuals at high risk of exposure to HIV infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides funding to state and local health departments to collect the information. This is an interviewer-administered protocol that gathers sensitive information.
Specific Instructions
The following four questions regarding HIV testing experiences from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) survey are also included in the PhenX measure Comprehensive HIV Risk Assessment, which can be found in the Substance Abuse and Addiction Specialty collections. Therefore, selecting these two protocols together will result in duplicated questions.
Availability
Protocol
The Substance Abuse and Addiction Scientific Panel (SSP) acknowledges that the following questions may gather sensitive information relating to HIV status. If the information is released, it might be damaging to an individual’s employability, lead to social stigmatization, or lead to other consequences.
| SAY: Now I’m going to ask you a few questions about getting tested for HIV. Remember, an HIV test checks whether someone has the virus that causes AIDS. |
Q1. Have you ever been tested for HIV?
0 [ ] No
1 [ ] Yes
7 [ ] Refused to answer
9 [ ] Don’t know
| If Q1 = 0, skip to Q4. If Q1 = 1, proceed to Q2. If Q1 = 7 or 9, end protocol. |
Q2. When did you have your most recent HIV test?
__ __/ __ __ __ __
(M M/ Y Y Y Y)
[77/7777 = Refused, 99/9999 = Don’t know]
Q3. What was the result of your most recent HIV test? [DO NOT Read choices, check only ONE.]
1[ ]Negative
2[ ]Positive
3[ ]Never obtained results
4[ ]Indeterminate
7[ ]Refused to answer
9[ ]Don’t know
| INTERVIEWER INSTRUCTIONS: Refer to Q2. LAST HIV TEST WAS DONE (Check one): ≤ 12 months ago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[ ] End protocol > 12 months ago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[ ] Go to Q4 Date of last test Don’t know/Refused. . . .[ ] End protocol |
[PERSONS WHO HAVE NEVER TESTED HIV+ AND HAVE NOT TESTED FOR HIV IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS]
Q4. I’m going to read you a list of reasons why some people have not been tested for HIV. Which of these best describes the most important reason you have not been tested for HIV in the past 12 months? [READ CHOICES. CHOOSE only ONE.]
1[ ]You think you are at low risk for HIV infection?
2[ ]You were afraid of finding out that you had HIV?
3[ ]You didn’t have time?
4[ ]Some other reason?
5[ ]No particular reason
7[ ]Refused to answer
9[ ]Don’t know
| End protocol. |
The SSP has selected specific questions from the original protocol text, which is available in its entirety in the PhenX measure Comprehensive HIV Risk Assessment, found in the Substance Abuse and Addiction Specialty collections. The SSP removed the following questions from the HIV Testing Experiences (HT) section of the protocol: HT-2, HT-3, HT-4a, HT-4b, HT-5, and HT-6a through HT-13. These items were not critical to this brief assessment of HIV testing status. As a result, the remaining questions have been renumbered (Q1-Q4), and some of the skip patterns have been modified to direct the interviewer to the end of the series of questions.
Personnel and Training Required
Interviewer must be trained and found competent to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided.
The questions are sensitive in nature, and the interviewer should be trained to react appropriately to emotional responses. If a distressed-respondent protocol is adopted, the interviewer should be trained to administer those procedures.
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult, Senior, Pregnancy
Participants
Adults (18+)
Selection Rationale
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the nation’s source for timely information used to track the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX570201 - Selfreport Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hiv Testing | 6255423 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
This section will be completed when reviewed by an Expert Review Panel.
Protocol Name from Source
National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS), 2010
Source
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS). (2010). Section on HIV Testing Experiences (HT): HT-1, HT-4, HT-4c, and HT‑6.
General References
Allen, D. R., Finlayson, T., Abdul-Quader, A., & Lansky, A. (2009). The role of formative research in the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System. Public Health Reports, 124(1), 26-33.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2009). HIV-associated behaviors among injecting-drug users-23 Cities, United States, May 2005-February 2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 58(13), 329-332.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2009). Erratum: HIV-associated behaviors among injecting-drug users-23 Cities, United States, May 2005-February 2006. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 58(50), 1416-1417.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2011). Characteristics associated with HIV infection among heterosexuals in urban areas with high AIDS prevalence-24 cities, United States, 2006-2007. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60(31), 1045-1049.
Gallagher, K. M., Sullivan, P. S., Lansky, A., & Onorato, I. M. (2007). Behavioral surveillance among people at risk for HIV infection in the U.S.: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System. Public Health Reports, 122(Suppl. 1), 32-38.
Lansky, A., Abdul-Quader, A. S., Cribbin, M., Hall, T., Finlayson, T. J., Garfein, R. S., Lin, L. S., & Sullivan, P. S. (2007). Developing an HIV behavioral surveillance system for injecting drug users: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System. Public Health Reports, 122(Suppl. 1), 48-55.
Protocol ID
570201
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX570201_Most_Recent_HIV_Test_Month | ||||
| PX570201020100 | When did you have your most recent HIV test? Month | N/A | ||
| PX570201_Most_Recent_HIV_Test_Result | ||||
| PX570201030000 | What was the result of your most recent HIV test? | N/A | ||
| PX570201_Most_Recent_HIV_Test_Year | ||||
| PX570201020200 | When did you have your most recent HIV test? Year | N/A | ||
| PX570201_Reason_Not_Tested_For_HIV | ||||
| PX570201040000 | I'm going to read you a list of reasons why more | N/A | ||
| PX570201_Tested_For_HIV | ||||
| PX570201010000 | Have you ever been tested for HIV? | Variable Mapping | ||
Measure Name
Self-report of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing
Release Date
February 24, 2012
Definition
Instrument used to collect information on whether a respondent has been tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV); the results of the testing; and, if not tested, the reasons for not being tested.
Purpose
The purpose of this measure is to determine a respondent’s HIV self-reported serostatus and testing experiences.
Keywords
AIDS, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV, HIV testing, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System, NHBS, SAA, substance abuse and addiction
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 570201 | Self-report of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing |
Publications
Martin, H. R., et al. (2024) Community-Engaged Research: COVID-19 Testing, Infection, and Vaccination among Underserved Minority Communities in Miami, Florida Vaccines. 2024 January; 12(2): 117. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12020117
Conway, K. P., et al. (2018) Co-occurrence of tobacco product use, substance use, and mental health problems among youth: Findings from wave 1 (2013-2014) of the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study. Addict Behav. 2018 January; 76: 208-217. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.009