Protocol - Sleep Apnea - Adult
- Blood Pressure (Adult/Primary)
- Insomnia
- Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction - Adult
- Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction - Children
- Sleep Disorders Screener
- Sleep Disorders Screener - Children
Description
The questionnaire asks about risk factors for sleep apnea, namely snoring behavior, wake time, sleepiness or fatigue, and the presence of high blood pressure. The protocol begins with information that an individual self-reports on height, weight, age, and sex. The 10 questions address snoring, fatigue, and high blood pressure. An algorithm is provided to classify study participants into high or low risk on the basis of their response.
Specific Instructions
None
Availability
Protocol
Height (m) ________ Weight (kg)________ Age______ Male / Female
Please choose the correct response to each question.
CATEGORY 1
1. Do you snore?
[ ] a. Yes
[ ] b. No
[ ] c. Don’t know
If you snore:
2. Your snoring is:
[ ] a. Slightly louder than breathing
[ ] b. As loud as talking
[ ] c. Louder than talking
[ ] d. Very loud can be heard in adjacent rooms
3. How often do you snore?
[ ] a. Nearly every day
[ ] b. 3-4 times a week
[ ] c. 1-2 times a week
[ ] d. 1-2 times a month
[ ] e. Never or nearly never
4. Has your snoring ever bothered other people?
[ ] a. Yes
[ ] b. No
[ ] c. Don’t know
5. Has anyone noticed that you quit breathing during your sleep?
[ ] a. Nearly every day
[ ] b. 3-4 times a week
[ ] c. 1-2 times a week
[ ] d. 1-2 times a month
[ ] e. Never or nearly never
CATEGORY 2
6. How often do you feel tired or fatigued after your sleep?
[ ] a. Nearly every day
[ ] b. 3-4 times a week
[ ] c. 1-2 times a week
[ ] d. 1-2 times a month
[ ] e. Never or nearly never
7. During your waking time, do you feel tired, fatigued, or not up to par?
[ ] a. Nearly every day
[ ] b. 3-4 times a week
[ ] c. 1-2 times a week
[ ] d. 1-2 times a month
[ ] e. Never or nearly never
8. Have you ever nodded off or fallen asleep while driving a vehicle?
[ ] a. Yes
[ ] b. No
If yes:
9. How often does this occur?
[ ] a. Nearly every day
[ ] b. 3-4 times a week
[ ] c. 1-2 times a week
[ ] d. 1-2 times a month
[ ] e. Never or nearly never
CATEGORY 3
10. Do you have high blood pressure?
[ ] Yes
[ ] No
[ ] Don’t know
Scoring Berlin Questionnaire
The questionnaire consists of 3 categories related to the risk of having sleep apnea. Patients can be classified into high risk or low risk based on their responses to the individual items and their overall scores in the symptom categories.
Categories and scoring:
Category 1: items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Item 1: if ’Yes’, assign 1 point
Item 2: if ’c’ or ’d’ is the response, assign 1 point
Item 3: if ’a’ or ’b’ is the response, assign 1 point
Item 4: if ’a’ is the response, assign 1 point
Item 5: if ’a’ or ’b’ is the response, assign 2 points
Add points. Category 1 is positive if the total score is 2 or more points.
Category 2: items 6, 7, 8 (item 9 should be noted separately)
Item 6: if ’a’ or ’b’ is the response, assign 1 point
Item 7: if ’a’ or ’b’ is the response, assign 1 point
Item 8: if ’a’ is the response, assign 1 point
Add points. Category 2 is positive if the total score is 2 or more points.
Category 3 is positive if the answer to item 10 is ’Yes’ OR if the BMI of the patient is greater than 30kg/m2.
(BMI must be calculated. BMI is defined as weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared, i.e., kg/m2).
High risk: if there are 2 or more categories where the score is positive
Low risk: if there is only 1 or no categories where the score is positive
Additional question: item 9 is not scored and should be noted separately.
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
Requirement Category | Required |
---|---|
Major equipment | No |
Specialized training | No |
Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult, Senior
Participants
The original psychometrics of the Berlin Questionnaire were based on middle-aged adults (age 49 +/- 17 years).
Selection Rationale
This protocol is a widely used short set of questions with an algorithm that uses a scoring mechanism to determine risk for sleep apnea.
Language
Chinese, English
Standards
Standard | Name | ID | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) | Resp sleep apnea adult proto | 62636-6 | LOINC |
Human Phenotype Ontology | Sleep Apnea | HP:0010535 | HPO |
caDSR Form | PhenX PX091501 - Sleep Apnea Adult Protocol | 5969591 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
Expert Review Panel #6 (ERP 6) reviewed the measures in the Respiratory domain.
Guidance from the ERP 6 includes the following:
• Revised descriptions of the measure
Back-compatible: no changes to Data Dictionary
Previous version in Toolkit archive (link)
Protocol Name from Source
Berlin Questionnaire
Source
Netzer, N. C., Stoohs, R. A., Netzer, C. M., Clark, K., & Strohl, K. P. (1999). Using the Berlin Questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine, 131, 485-491.
General References
Chiu, H.-Y., Chen, P. Y., Chuang, L. P., Chen, N. H., Tu, Y. K., Hsieh, Y. J., Wang, Y. C., & Guilleminault, C. (2016). Diagnostic accuracy of the Berlin questionnaire, STOP-BANG, STOP, and Epworth sleepiness scale in detecting obstructive sleep apnea: A bivariate meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.10.004
Protocol ID
91501
Variables
Export VariablesVariable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Age | ||||
PX091501010300 | Age. | N/A | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Asleep_Driving_Frequency | ||||
PX091501100000 | CATEGORY 2 How often does this occur? | N/A | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Gender | ||||
PX091501010400 | Gender. | N/A | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Height | ||||
PX091501010100 | Height. | N/A | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_High_Blood_Pressure | ||||
PX091501110000 | CATEGORY 3 Do you have high blood pressure? | N/A | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Nodded_Asleep_Driving | ||||
PX091501090000 | CATEGORY 2 Have you ever nodded off or more | Variable Mapping | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Quit_Breathing_Sleep | ||||
PX091501060000 | CATEGORY 1 Has anyone noticed that you quit more | Variable Mapping | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Snore | ||||
PX091501020000 | CATEGORY 1 Do you snore? | Variable Mapping | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Snore_Bother_Other | ||||
PX091501050000 | CATEGORY 1 Has your snoring ever bothered more | Variable Mapping | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Snore_Frequency | ||||
PX091501040000 | CATEGORY 1 How often do you snore? | Variable Mapping | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Snore_Loudness | ||||
PX091501030000 | CATEGORY 1 Your snoring is: | Variable Mapping | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Tired_Fatigued_After | ||||
PX091501070000 | CATEGORY 2 How often do you feel tired or more | Variable Mapping | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Tired_Fatigued_Waking | ||||
PX091501080000 | CATEGORY 2 During your waking time, do you more | Variable Mapping | ||
PX091501_Sleep_Apnea_Weight | ||||
PX091501010200 | Weight. | N/A |
Measure Name
Sleep Apnea
Release Date
January 29, 2010
Definition
This measure identifies people with sleep apnea.
Purpose
Sleep apnea is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition that is far more common than is generally understood. Sleep apnea occurs in all age groups and both genders.
Keywords
Respiratory, snoring, Berlin Questionnaire, Respiratory, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, PSQ, proprietary
Measure Protocols
Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
---|---|
91501 | Sleep Apnea - Adult |
91502 | Sleep Apnea - Child |
Publications
Fedson, A. C., Pack, A. I., Gislason, T. (2012) Frequently used sleep questionnaires in epidemiological and genetic research for obstructive sleep apnea: a review. Sleep Med Rev. 2012 December; 16(6): 529-37. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2011.12.002