Protocol - Response Inhibition (Go/NoGo Task)
- Cognitive Flexibility (Dimensional Change Card Sort) - Children, Adolescents, and Adults
- Cognitive Flexibility (Dimensional Change Card Sort) - Young Children
- Decision Making (Iowa Gambling Task) - Adult
- Decision Making (Iowa Gambling Task) - Child
- Inhibitory Control (Stop Signal Paradigm)
- Motor and Attentional Impulsivity (Immediate and Delayed Memory Task)
- Working Memory - Adult
- Working Memory - Child
Description
The Go/NoGo task is a computer-administered task that is delivered by scripts written in either E-Prime or Presentation software. The Go/NoGo task requires a single response to Go stimuli and a response withhold to NoGo stimuli. Go stimuli are presented more frequently than the NoGo stimuli so that the participant develops a (prepotent) tendency toward response execution.
For more information about the Go/NoGo task, please refer to the Cognitive Atlas Interpretation.
Specific Instructions
None
Availability
Protocol
Summary of the Go/NoGo Task
The Go/NoGo procedure consists of a visually presented stream of letters that are presented serially every 1,000 milliseconds (msec). The stimuli are the letters X and Y (although the program could be modified to use other stimuli), and each is presented for 600 msec and followed by a 400 msec blank screen. These timings can also be modified so as to increase the task difficulty. For example, shorter durations combined with the instruction to respond while the stimulus is onscreen leads to faster response times on Go trials and more frequent commission errors on NoGo trials. Participants press a button to respond to each stimulus X or Y. Participants respond when the stimuli are presented in an alternating pattern and withhold responding when the alternation is broken. For example, participants should respond to each stimulus except the fifth in the following sequence . . . X Y X Y Y X . . . . NoGo trials occur randomly 10% of the time. The entire Go/NoGo task consists of two runs of 500 letters containing 450 Go trials and 50 NoGo trials.
Scoring
The E-prime script for Go/NoGo calculates the means for a variety of summary variables, including block number, trial number, type of trial, reaction time, number of omission errors (missed response targets), and number of commission errors (incorrectly responding to nonresponse targets). Higher numbers of commission errors indicate greater motor impulsivity.
Personnel and Training Required
The Go/NoGo task can be administered by research assistants trained in the ethical and competent use of psychological tests.
Equipment Needs
Investigators will need a copy of E-Prime ® (http://www.pstnet.com/eprime.cfm) or Presentation® (http://www.neurobs.com/) in order to open and invoke the Go/NoGo task.
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered evaluation
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Adults aged 18 years or older
Selection Rationale
The Go/NoGo task is a well-established, validated test of response inhibition.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Cognitive impairment | HP:0100543 | HPO |
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Addictive behavior | HP:0030858 | HPO |
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Impulsivity | HP:0100710 | HPO |
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Disinhibition | HP:0000734 | HPO |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP 3) reviewed the measures in Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, and Substance Abuse and Addiction domains.
Guidance from ERP 3 includes:
• No significant changes to measure
Back-compatible: NA no changes to Data Dictionary
Protocol Name from Source
Go/NoGo task
Source
The Go/NoGo task can be obtained by contacting Dr. Hugh Garavan at the University of Vermont: Hugh.Garavan@uvm.edu
General References
Garavan, H., Ross, T. J., & Stein, E. A. (1999). Right hemispheric dominance of inhibitory control: An event-related fMRI study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 96(14), 8301-8306.
Hester, R., Simões-Franklin, C., & Garavan, H. (2007). Post-error behaviour in active cocaine users: Poor awareness of errors in the presence of intact performance adjustments. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32(9), 1974-1984.
Johnstone, S. J., Dimoska, A., Smith, J. L., Barry, R. J., Pleffer, C. B., Chiswick, D., & Clarke, A. R. (2007). The development of Stop-Signal and Go/NoGo response inhibition in children aged 7-12 years: Performance and event-related potential indices. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 63, 25-38.
Kaufman, J., Ross, T. J., Stein, E. A., & Garavan, H. (2003). Cingulate hypoactivity in cocaine users during a GO/NOGO task as revealed by event-related fMRI. Journal of Neuroscience, 23(21), 7839-7843.
Monterosso, J. R., Aron, A. R., Cordova, X., Xu, J. S., & London, E. D. (2005). Deficits in response inhibition associated with chronic methamphetamine abuse. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 79, 273-277.
Murphy, P., & Garavan, H. (2011). Cognitive predictors of AUDIT scores among college students. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 115, 94-100.
Nestor, L., McCabe, E., Jones, J., Clancy, L., & Garavan, H. (2011). Differences in "bottom-up" and "top-down" neural activity in current and former cigarette smokers: Evidence for neural substrates which may promote nicotine abstinence through increased cognitive control. NeuroImage, 56, 2258-2275.
Nigg, J. T., Wong, M. M., Martel, M. M., Jester, J. M., Puttler, L. I., Glass, J. M., Adams, K. M., Fitzgerald, H. E., & Zucker, R. A. (2006). Poor response inhibition as a predictor of problem drinking and illicit drug use in adolescents at risk for alcoholism and other substance use disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 468-475.
Roberts, G. M. P., & Garavan, H. (2010). Evidence of increased activation underlying cognitive control in ecstasy and cannabis users. NeuroImage, 52, 429-435.
Protocol ID
530701
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX530701000000 | Protocol 530701 - proprietary. Check DCW for more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Response Inhibition (Go/NoGo Task)
Release Date
February 24, 2012
Definition
This measure assesses the ability of the participant to suppress prepotent or interfering impulses.
Purpose
Response inhibition is a component of executive control, and poor response inhibition is a risk factor for substance use disorders (Monterosso et al., 2005; Nigg et al., 2006). Like the Stop-Signal task, the Go/NoGo task measures the ability to suppress a prepotent motor response. Whereas the Stop-Signal task requires that an already initiated response be countermanded (based on the presentation of a stop stimulus), the Go/NoGo task requires that the response be suppressed based on an appraisal of a single stimulus (Johnstone et al., 2007).
Keywords
Go/NoGo, impulsivity, Inhibitory Control, Response inhibition, substance abuse, substance use, SAA, Substance Use-related Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Risk Factors, computer administered
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 530701 | Response Inhibition (Go/NoGo Task) |
Publications
There are no publications listed for this protocol.