Protocol - Self-reported Craving - Specific - Alcohol
- Alcohol - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency
- Alcohol - Lifetime Use Disorder
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adolescents
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adults - Binge-Drinking
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adolescents
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Lifetime
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Past 12 Months
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Drugs
- Substances - 30-Day Frequency
- Substances - Lifetime Abuse and Dependence
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adolescent
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adult
Description
The Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) consists of eight statements about the respondent’s feelings and thoughts about drinking as they are completing the questionnaire (i.e., right now). Drinking refers to various types of alcohol, including beer, wine and liquor. The respondent is asked to respond to each statement about alcohol craving via a 7-item Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree."
Specific Instructions
The Substance Abuse and Addiction Working Group acknowledges that the following questions may gather sensitive information relating to the use of substances and/or illegal conduct. If the information is released, it might be damaging to an individual’s employability, lead to social stigmatization, or lead to other consequences.
Most researchers assure confidentiality as part of their informed consent process, as required by their institutional review boards. Further assurance of confidentiality may be obtained by applying to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for a Certificate of Confidentiality, which helps researchers protect the privacy of human research participants. The procedures for the Certificate of Confidentiality can be found at the Grants Policy website of the NIH: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/policy/coc/index.htm.
Availability
Protocol
Listed below are questions that ask about your feelings about drinking. The words "drinking" and "have a drink" refer to having a drink containing alcohol such as beer, wine, or liquor. Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with each of the following statements by selecting one number for each question between STRONGLY DISAGREE and STRONGLY AGREE. The closer you select a number to one end or the other indicates the strength of your disagreement or agreement. Please complete every item. We are interested in how you are thinking or feeling right now as you are filling out the questionnaire.
RIGHT NOW
1. All I want to do now is have a drink.
1 [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE | 2 [ ] | 3 [ ] | 4 [ ] | 5 [ ] | 6 [ ] | 7 [ ] STRONGLY AGREE |
2. I do not need to have a drink now.
1 [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE | 2 [ ] | 3 [ ] | 4 [ ] | 5 [ ] | 6 [ ] | 7 [ ] STRONGLY AGREE |
3. It would be difficult to turn down a drink this minute.
1 [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE | 2 [ ] | 3 [ ] | 4 [ ] | 5 [ ] | 6 [ ] | 7 [ ] STRONGLY AGREE |
4. Having a drink now would make things seem just perfect.
1 [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE | 2 [ ] | 3 [ ] | 4 [ ] | 5 [ ] | 6 [ ] | 7 [ ] STRONGLY AGREE |
5. I want a drink so bad I can almost taste it.
1 [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE | 2 [ ] | 3 [ ] | 4 [ ] | 5 [ ] | 6 [ ] | 7 [ ] STRONGLY AGREE |
6. Nothing would be better than having a drink right now.
1 [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE | 2 [ ] | 3 [ ] | 4 [ ] | 5 [ ] | 6 [ ] | 7 [ ] STRONGLY AGREE |
7. If I had the chance to have a drink, I don’t think I would drink it.
1 [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE | 2 [ ] | 3 [ ] | 4 [ ] | 5 [ ] | 6 [ ] | 7 [ ] STRONGLY AGREE |
8. I crave a drink right now.
1 [ ] STRONGLY DISAGREE | 2 [ ] | 3 [ ] | 4 [ ] | 5 [ ] | 6 [ ] | 7 [ ] STRONGLY AGREE |
Scoring Procedure and Interpretation
Each item is scored on a 1 to 7 scale (Strongly Disagree = 1 and Strongly Agree = 7). Items 2 and 7 are reverse scored. A total score is computed by averaging the item scores. Higher scores reflect greater craving.
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult, Senior
Participants
Adults aged 18 years and older
Selection Rationale
The Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) is a brief, self-administered questionnaire with high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as documented in the literature (Bohn et al., 1995).
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Addictive behavior | HP:0030858 | HPO |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX520301 - Selfreported Craving Specific Alcohol | 6217319 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP 3) reviewed the measures in Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, and Substance Abuse and Addiction domains.
Guidance from ERP 3 includes:
• No significant changes to measure
Back-compatible: NA no changes to Data Dictionary
Protocol Name from Source
Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ)
Source
Bohn, M. J., Krahn, D. D., & Staehler, B. A. (1995). Development and initial validation of a measure of drinking urges in abstinent alcoholics. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research,19(3), 600-606.
General References
Drobes, D. J., & Thomas, S. E. (1999). Assessing craving for alcohol. Alcohol Research & Health, 23(3),179-186.
Drummond, D. C., & Phillips, T. S. (2002). Alcohol urges in alcohol-dependent drinkers: Further validation of the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire in an untreated community clinical population. Addiction, 97(11), 1465-1472.
Flannery, B. A., Poole, S. A., Gallop, R. J., & Volpicelli, J. R. (2003). Alcohol craving predicts drinking during treatment: An analysis of three assessment instruments. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64(1), 120-126.
MacKillop, J. (2006). Factor structure of the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire under neutral conditions and during a cue-elicited urge state. Alcoholism: Clinican and Experimental Research, 30(8), 1315-1321.
Rosenberg, H. (2009). Clinical and laboratory assessment of the subjective experience of drug craving. Clinical Psychology Review. 29(6), 519-534.
Rosenberg, H., & Mazzola, J. (2007). Relationships among self-report assessments of craving in binge-drinking university students. Addictive Behaviors, 32(12), 2811-2818.
Protocol ID
520301
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX520301_All_Want_Is_Drink | ||||
| PX520301010000 | All I want to do now is have a drink. | N/A | ||
| PX520301_Chance_To_Drink_Would_Not | ||||
| PX520301070000 | If I had the chance to have a drink, I don't more | N/A | ||
| PX520301_Crave_A_Drink | ||||
| PX520301080000 | I crave a drink right now. | N/A | ||
| PX520301_Difficult_To_Turn_DownDrink | ||||
| PX520301030000 | It would be difficult to turn down a drink more | N/A | ||
| PX520301_Do_Not_Need_Drink | ||||
| PX520301020000 | I do not need to have a drink now. | N/A | ||
| PX520301_Having_A_Drink_Perfect | ||||
| PX520301040000 | Having a drink now would make things seem more | N/A | ||
| PX520301_Nothing_Better_Than_Drink | ||||
| PX520301060000 | Nothing would be better than having a drink more | N/A | ||
| PX520301_Want_Drink_Almost_Taste | ||||
| PX520301050000 | I want a drink so bad I can almost taste it. | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Self-reported Craving
Release Date
February 24, 2012
Definition
Instruments used separately to assess the severity of craving for tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs, via self-report.
Purpose
The purpose of this measure is to assess the severity of craving for tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs by asking the respondent questions about his or her desires, urges, or thoughts about such cravings. The Working Group recommends that investigators incorporate the question in the primary protocol as a core item to obtain general information on a variety of substances. The secondary protocols can then be used to obtain detailed information on a specific substance.
Keywords
addiction, alcohol, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire, AUQ, Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges, QSU-Brief, cigarette, Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief, CCQ-Brief, Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, COGA, compulsion, desire, Marijuana Craving Questionnaire, MCQ, National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, NESARC, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale, OCDUS Heroin Version, pot, Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism, SSAGA, substance abuse and addiction, SAA, urge, Substance-specific Intermediate Phenotypes
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 520301 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Alcohol |
| 520302 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Cocaine |
| 520303 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Heroin |
| 520304 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Marijuana |
| 520306 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Tobacco |
| 520307 | Self-reported Craving - General |
Publications
Schoonover, J., et al. (2024) Virtual Music Therapy for Substance Use Disorders in a Federally Qualified Health Center Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2024 January; 36(6): 1043-1049. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220316R3