Protocol - Self-reported Craving - General
- Alcohol - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency
- Alcohol - Lifetime Use Disorder
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adolescents
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adults - Binge-Drinking
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adolescents
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Lifetime
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Past 12 Months
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Drugs
- Substances - 30-Day Frequency
- Substances - Lifetime Abuse and Dependence
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adolescent
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adult
Description
The respondent is asked questions from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) about his or her craving to drink alcohol, use tobacco or nicotine, or use drugs in the past 12 months.
Specific Instructions
The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition Version (AUDADIS-5) Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders Scoring Algorithms are provided for data interpretation. Please click here to access the scoring algorithm document. The algorithms were constructed by Yoanna McDowell, M.A, under the supervision of Dr. Kenneth Sher (University of Missouri) in 2017 and posted here with their permission. They were verified by diagnostic variables available in the NESARC-III data set and published NESARC-III diagnostic and severity prevalence data. Users are solely responsible for the use and interpretation of the algorithms and results.
Due to the complexity of the algorithms and associated analysis, Expert Review Panel 3 recommends analysis be performed by a statistician who has experience using NESARC datasets,
The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition Version (AUDADIS-5) is a complex diagnostic instrument that likely requires expertise with SAS and the NESARC dataset in order to successfully implement scoring algorithms. Investigators interested in briefer, screening-level assessments of alcohol and other substance use disorders are encouraged to review assessments of this collection:
Mental Health Research Collections
The following question may gather sensitive information relating to the use of substances or illegal conduct. If the information is released, it might be damaging to an individual’s employability, lead to social stigmatization, or result in other consequences.
For information on obtaining a Certificate of Confidentiality, which helps researchers protect the privacy of human research participants, please go to the National Human Genome Research Institute’s Institutional Review Board website (http://www.genome.gov/10005108).
Availability
Protocol
- Did this happen in the last 12 months….
a. Want a drink so badly that you couldn’t think of anything else?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
b. Want to use tobacco or nicotine so badly that you couldn’t think of anything else?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
c. Want a medicine or drug so badly that you couldn’t think of anything else?
1[ ]Yes
2[ ]No
Personnel and Training Required
The interviewer must be trained and found competent to conduct personal interviews with individuals from the general population. The interviewer should be trained to prompt respondents further if a "don’t know" response is provided. It is preferable either to read the questionnaire aloud to the respondent or to administer it in an audio-assisted computer interview (ACASI) format. The questions are sensitive in nature, and the interviewer should be trained to react appropriately to emotional responses. If a distressed respondent protocol is adopted, the interviewer should be trained to administer those procedures.
Equipment Needs
While the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5) instrument was developed for administration by computer, the PhenX WG acknowledges that these questions can be administered in a noncomputerized format. Hasin et al. (1997) and Grant et al. (1995) used the AUDADIS in paper-and-pencil format, while Grant et al. (2003) obtained data with the computerized format.
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Interviewer-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult
Participants
Adults aged 18 years or older
Selection Rationale
The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) captures "diagnostic" information via the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5). Therefore, the user can link diagnostic data from the NESARC directly to treatment utilization also collected from the NESARC.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Addictive behavior | HP:0030858 | HPO |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX520307 - Selfreported Craving General | 6930359 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP3) reviewed the measures in the Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances domain and in the Substance Abuse and Addiction Collection.
Guidance from the ERP includes:
- Updated protocol (different source)
Partially back-compatible (updated/similar protocol which would require some changes to the data dictionary), variable mapping between current and previous protocols can be found here (link).
Protocol Name from Source
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III)
Source
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). (N.d.). National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III). Rockville, MD: National Institutes of Health. Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5), Section 2B - Alcohol Experiences (Question 1a, subquestion 29), Section 3A - Tobacco and Nicotine Use (Question 8a, subquestion 36), Section 3C - Medicine Experiences (Question 1a, subquestion 40).
General References
Grant, B. F., Dawson, D. A., Stinson, F. S., Chou, P. S., Kay, W., & Pickering, R. (2003). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): Reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 71(1), 7-16.
Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Saha, T. D., Chou, S. P., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Smith, S. M., Huang, B., Hasin, D. S. (2015). Epidemiology of DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(8), 757-766.
Grant, B. F., Goldstein, R. B., Smith, S. M., Jung, J., Zhang, H., Chou, S. P., Pickering, R. P., Ruan, W. J., Huang, B., Saha, T. D., Aivadyan, C., Greenstein, E., & Hasin, D. S. (2015). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): Reliability of substance use and psychiatric disorder modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148, 27-33.
Grant, B. F., Harford, T. C., Dawson, D. A., Chou, P. S., & Pickering, R. P. (1995). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS): Reliability of alcohol and drug modules in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 39(1), 37-44.
Hasin, D., Carpenter, K. M., McCloud, S., Smith, M., & Grant, B. F. (1997). The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule (AUDADIS): Reliability of alcohol and drug modules in a clinical sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 44(2-3), 133-141.
Hasin, D. S., Greenstein, E., Aivadyan, C., Stohl, M., Aharonovich, E., Saha, T., Goldstein, R., Nunes, E. V., Jung, J., Zhang, H., & Grant, B. F. (2015). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): Procedural validity of substance use disorders modules through clinical re-appraisal in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148, 40-46.
Hasin, D. S., Greenstein, E., Aivadyan, C., Stohl, M., Aharonovich, E., Saha, T., Goldstein, R., Nunes, E. V., Jung, J., Zhang, H., & Grant, B. F. (2015). The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5): Procedural validity of substance use disorders modules through clinical re-appraisal in a general population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148, 40-46.
Hasin, D. S., O’Brien, C. P., Auriacombe, M., Borges, G., Bucholz, K., Budney, A., Compton, W. M., Crowley, T., Ling, W., Petry, N. M., Schuckit, M., & Grant, B. F. (2013). DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: Recommendations and rationale. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(8), 834-851.
Protocol ID
520307
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX520307_Self_Reported_Craving _General_Drink | ||||
| PX520307010100 | In the last 12 months, did you want a drink more | N/A | ||
| PX520307_Self_Reported_Craving _General_Medicine | ||||
| PX520307010300 | In the last 12 months, did you want a more | N/A | ||
| PX520307_Self_Reported_Craving _General_Tobacco | ||||
| PX520307010200 | In the last 12 months, did you want to use more | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Self-reported Craving
Release Date
November 28, 2017
Definition
Instruments used separately to assess the severity of craving for tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs, via self-report.
Purpose
The purpose of this measure is to assess the severity of craving for tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs by asking the respondent questions about his or her desires, urges, or thoughts about such cravings. The Working Group recommends that investigators incorporate the question in the primary protocol as a core item to obtain general information on a variety of substances. The secondary protocols can then be used to obtain detailed information on a specific substance.
Keywords
addiction, alcohol, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire, AUQ, Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges, QSU-Brief, cigarette, Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief, CCQ-Brief, Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, COGA, compulsion, desire, Marijuana Craving Questionnaire, MCQ, National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, NESARC, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale, OCDUS Heroin Version, pot, Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism, SSAGA, substance abuse and addiction, SAA, urge, Substance-specific Intermediate Phenotypes
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 520301 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Alcohol |
| 520302 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Cocaine |
| 520303 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Heroin |
| 520304 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Marijuana |
| 520306 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Tobacco |
| 520307 | Self-reported Craving - General |
Publications
Schoonover, J., et al. (2024) Virtual Music Therapy for Substance Use Disorders in a Federally Qualified Health Center Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2024 January; 36(6): 1043-1049. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220316R3