Protocol - Self-reported Craving - Specific - Heroin
- Alcohol - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency
- Alcohol - Lifetime Use Disorder
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adolescents
- Patterns of Substance Use - Adults - Binge-Drinking
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adolescents
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Lifetime
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Alcohol - Past 12 Months
- Screening and Severity of Substance Use Problems - Adults - Drugs
- Substances - 30-Day Frequency
- Substances - Lifetime Abuse and Dependence
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adolescent
- Tobacco - 30-Day Quantity and Frequency - Adult
Description
The Heroin Craving Questionnaire - Short Form 14 (HCQ-SF-14) consists of 14 statements about the respondent’s feelings and thoughts about using heroin as he or she is completing the questionnaire (i.e., right now). This instrument allows investigators to obtain a reflection of the respondent’s general heroin craving.
Specific Instructions
The Substance Abuse and Addiction Working Group acknowledges that the following questions may gather sensitive information relating to the use of substances and/or illegal conduct. If the information is released, it might be damaging to an individual’s employability, lead to social stigmatization, or lead to other consequences.
Most researchers assure confidentiality as part of their informed consent process, as required by their institutional review boards. Further assurance of confidentiality may be obtained by applying to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for a Certificate of Confidentiality, which helps researchers protect the privacy of human research participants. The procedures for the Certificate of Confidentiality can be found at the Grants Policy website of NIH: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/policy/coc/index.htm.
Availability
Protocol
Indicate how much you agree or disagree with each of the following statements by placing a single checkmark (like this: :✔:) along each line between STRONGLY DISAGREE and STRONGLY AGREE. The closer you place your checkmark to one end or the other indicates the strength of your disagreement or agreement. Please complete every item. We are interested in how you are thinking or feeling right now as you are filling out the questionnaire:
1. Using heroin would not sharpen my concentration.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
2. I could control things better right now if I could use heroin.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
3. If I tried a little heroin right now, I would not be able to stop using more of it.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
4. I want heroin so bad I can almost taste it.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
5. I don’t want to use heroin now.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
6. I would be less irritable now if I could use heroin.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
7. All I want to use now is heroin.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
8. Using heroin would not be very satisfying now.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
9. I would not enjoy using heroin now.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
10. I do not need to use heroin now.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
11. I would not be able to control how much heroin I used if I had some here.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
12. I crave heroin right now.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
13. I have an urge for heroin.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
14. I think that I could resist using heroin now.
STRONGLY AGREE _ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ :_ : STRONGLY DISAGREE
Scoring Procedure and Interpretation
Each item is scored on a scale ranging from 1 for "Strongly Disagree" to 7 for "Strongly Agree." The following items are reverse-scored: 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 14 (raw score = 8 minus reverse-keyed item score).
For total score, sum all 14 items and divide by 14. For the higher-order-factor score, sum all items except item 1 and divide by 13.
In a treatment-seeking sample (N = 101), the factor structure of the Heroin Craving Questionnaire-Short Form 14 (HCQ-SF-14) was not consistent with that of the validated 45-item HCQ. The higher-order-factor score can be used as a unidimensional assessment of craving; it correlates with total score on the 45-item HCQ and with visual analog scales for "crave," "want," and "need" (Heinz et al., 2006).
Personnel and Training Required
None
Equipment Needs
None
Requirements
| Requirement Category | Required |
|---|---|
| Major equipment | No |
| Specialized training | No |
| Specialized requirements for biospecimen collection | No |
| Average time of greater than 15 minutes in an unaffected individual | No |
Mode of Administration
Self-administered questionnaire
Lifestage
Adult, Senior
Participants
Adults aged 18 years and older
Selection Rationale
The 14-item Heroin Craving Questionnaire - Short Form 14 (HCQ-SF-14) is a shorter version of the 45-item HCQ. The HCQ-SF-14 is a valid and reliable measure of heroin craving that provides a snapshot of the respondent’s general heroin craving.
Language
English
Standards
| Standard | Name | ID | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Human Phenotype Ontology | Addictive behavior | HP:0030858 | HPO |
| caDSR Form | PhenX PX520303 - Selfreported Craving Specific Heroin | 6216648 | caDSR Form |
Derived Variables
None
Process and Review
The Expert Review Panel #3 (ERP 3) reviewed the measures in Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Substances, and Substance Abuse and Addiction domains.
Guidance from ERP 3 includes:
• No significant changes to measure
Back-compatible: NA no changes to Data Dictionary
Protocol Name from Source
Heroin Craving Questionnaire - Short Form 14 (HCQ-SF-14)
Source
Heinz, A. J., Schroeder, J. R., Epstein, D. H., Singleton, E. G., Heishman, S. J., & Preston, K. L. (2006). Heroin and cocaine craving and use during treatment: Measurement validation and potential relationships. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 31(4), 355-364.
General References
Rosenberg, H. (2009). Clinical and laboratory assessment of the subjective experience of drug craving. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(6), 519-534.
Tiffany, S. T. (1990). A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: Role of automatic and nonautomatic processes. Psychological Review, 97(2), 147-168.
Tiffany, S. T., Singleton, E., Haertzen, C. A., & Henningfield, J. E. (1993). The development of a cocaine craving questionnaire. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 34(1), 19-28.
Protocol ID
520303
Variables
Export Variables| Variable Name | Variable ID | Variable Description | dbGaP Mapping | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PX520303_Control_Things_Better_Heroin | ||||
| PX520303020000 | I could control things better right now if I more | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Could_Resist_Heroin_Now | ||||
| PX520303140000 | I think that I could resist using heroin now. | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Crave_Heroin | ||||
| PX520303120000 | I crave heroin right now. | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Dont_Want_Heroin_Now | ||||
| PX520303050000 | I don't want to use heroin now. | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Do_Not_Need_Heroin_Now | ||||
| PX520303100000 | I do not need to use heroin now. | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Heroin_Almost_Taste_It | ||||
| PX520303040000 | I want heroin so bad I can almost taste it. | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Heroin_Not_Sharpen_Concentration | ||||
| PX520303010000 | Using heroin would not sharpen my concentration. | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Heroin_Would_Not_Satisfying | ||||
| PX520303080000 | Using heroin would not be very satisfying now. | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Less_Irritable_Heroin | ||||
| PX520303060000 | I would be less irritable now if I could use more | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Unable_Control_Heroin_Amount | ||||
| PX520303110000 | I would not be able to control how much more | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Unable_To_Stop_More_Heroin | ||||
| PX520303030000 | If I tried a little heroin right now, I more | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Urge_For_Heroin | ||||
| PX520303130000 | I have an urge for heroin. | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Want_To_Use_Heroin | ||||
| PX520303070000 | All I want to use now is heroin. | N/A | ||
| PX520303_Would_Not_Enjoy_Heroin | ||||
| PX520303090000 | I would not enjoy using heroin now. | N/A | ||
Measure Name
Self-reported Craving
Release Date
February 24, 2012
Definition
Instruments used separately to assess the severity of craving for tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs, via self-report.
Purpose
The purpose of this measure is to assess the severity of craving for tobacco, alcohol, or illegal drugs by asking the respondent questions about his or her desires, urges, or thoughts about such cravings. The Working Group recommends that investigators incorporate the question in the primary protocol as a core item to obtain general information on a variety of substances. The secondary protocols can then be used to obtain detailed information on a specific substance.
Keywords
addiction, alcohol, Alcohol Urge Questionnaire, AUQ, Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges, QSU-Brief, cigarette, Cocaine Craving Questionnaire-Brief, CCQ-Brief, Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, COGA, compulsion, desire, Marijuana Craving Questionnaire, MCQ, National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, NESARC, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, Obsessive-Compulsive Drug Use Scale, OCDUS Heroin Version, pot, Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism, SSAGA, substance abuse and addiction, SAA, urge, Substance-specific Intermediate Phenotypes
Measure Protocols
| Protocol ID | Protocol Name |
|---|---|
| 520301 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Alcohol |
| 520302 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Cocaine |
| 520303 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Heroin |
| 520304 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Marijuana |
| 520306 | Self-reported Craving - Specific - Tobacco |
| 520307 | Self-reported Craving - General |
Publications
Schoonover, J., et al. (2024) Virtual Music Therapy for Substance Use Disorders in a Federally Qualified Health Center Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. 2024 January; 36(6): 1043-1049. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220316R3